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高一英语语法之定语从句
定语从句
1. 定语从句的结构及理解
2. 定语从句的关系词的使用
3. 定语从句的简化表达
（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定
语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定
语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词
（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充
当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句
与先行词紧密相连。
1. 先行词是主句与从句共有的部分
2. 先行词一般是名词或代词
3. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语
?先行词→人，关系代词→who, that
?先行词→物，关系代词→which, that
4. 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语
注：是否充当宾语，看从句的谓语是vi. / vt.
?先行词→人，关系代词→whom, who, that
?先行词→物，关系代词→which, that
?一般可省略关系代词，但介词后不可省略
?若 prep.+关系代词，只能用whom ,which，不能用who, that
?介词与动词（词组）固定搭配，介词不能提前
5. 关系代词在定语从句中充当定语
?先行词→人，关系代词→whose, of whom
?先行词→物，关系代词→whose, of which
6. 关系副词在从句中作状语
?when→时间状语，先行词表示时间的名词或代词
where→地点状语，先行词表示地点的名词或代词
why→原因状语，先行词是reason
?关系副词在具体语境下可与介词+关系代词替换
＊ 介词选择看 ①与从句中的谓语动词间的搭配关系
②与先行词之间的关系
＊ why = for which
注：解题时，先判断从句中的谓语动词是vt./vi.，看从句中缺的是状语或是其他成分
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. 形式上，主、从句间用逗号分开
2. 意义上，只对先行词作附加说明
3. 关系词根据先行词，可选相对的who, whom, which, whose, when, where等，但是不能使
用that，why
4. 先行词是专有名词、father、mother，或其他的第一无二的名词时，一般用非限制性定
语从句
5. 在非限制性定语从句中，which的先行项可以是上文的整个或部分的分句内容
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用
which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the
company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the
scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知识重点与难点
（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that
1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
（三）定语从句的简化表达：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词
形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做?.的人/正在发生的事。
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
结构和意思：被修饰名词+ done短语： 被?..的人/事
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
The question being discussed is very important.
被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被?..的人/事
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被?..的人/事
注意：that引导的宾语从句,后面必须接完整的句子;定语从句后面接的是不完整的句子
that的用法
1. 不用that的情况
?非限制性定语从句中
?介词后
2. 只能用that的情况
?先行词为不定代词指物Something that I learned in the book is very useful. 我在这本书学到
的大部分内容是非常有用的。
?先行词由the only, the very修饰。你必须面对的唯一一件事情就是通过每一次你的考试The
only thing that you have to face is to pass every exams.
?先行词由序数词、形容词最高级（含等last, next等）修饰
?先行词既指人、又指物
?先行词在定语从句中充当表语成分He doesn't seem to be the man that he was.
?需要避免重复时
?定语从句是“there be”结构时，其前的关系代词必须是“that”.The number of mistake that there
are in this homework is surprising
原则：在定语从句中，使用that来引导定语从句，几乎是永远安全的。 特例一：在限定性
定语从句中，如果关系代词前有限定词，则不能that引导； 如果先行词是人，则
用whom；如果先行词是物，则用which.
第二 判断类： 非限定性定语从句;(永远不出现that) 限定性和非限定性的区别不
要求通过意义判断！ (1) 非定中，先行词=物，则which，which可以代表前句整句的意思； 先行词=人，则who/whom（不用“that”）
关系代词&关系副词的选择; 判断方法：看引导词在句子所充当的成分即可。 如果充当是名词性成分，使用关系代词； 如果充当是状语成分，使用关系
副词。
笔记：关系副词包括where、when、while、how.
第三 琐碎的考察: 先行词是“the way”时，用that/which，不用how
引导词作介词的宾语时，用which不用that;
the same as/that对比，用as：相似，同类事物;用that：同一个，同一事物.
Eg：This is the same pen as/that I lost yesterday.
分析：用as时，译为这是同样一支笔和我昨天丢的一样；用that时，译为这是同样一支笔
和我昨天丢的同一支笔
关于定语从句的其他问题
1. 关系代词在从句中做主语，从句中的谓语动词数的变化与先行词的人称数保持一致
2. the one
?判断主句是否有先行词，若没有，先补先行词the one
3. 强调句
?结构
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 句子的剩余部分
?判断方法
去掉it is/was ? that/who?之后，余下的部分是完整的句子，则该句是强调句句型
【典型例题】例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词
Friendship用which连接定语从句。
http://http://www.unjs.com/news/558325F1E0B505CA.html 答案：A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.
A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom
分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：
I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。
答案：C
[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指
“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。
答案：A
[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose 答案：D
[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。 答案：C
[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.
A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。
答案：B
[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.
答案：B
[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.
A. who B. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them
分析：非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。
答案：B
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