动词的时态语态
英语专题复习（四）---动词时态
根据初中英语教学新课标的要求，学生主要掌握五种动词基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般讲来时），理解三种时态（过去进行时、过去完成时、过去讲来时），共计八种时态：
一：现在范畴的时态：
1. 一般现在时：
标志词语：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day/week/month/year, on Sundays，once a day/week/month year…,in the morning …，how often 等 考点：
1）表现在、过去的经常性或习惯性动作或状态
We have meals three times a day.
He is always ready to help others.
2）表达永恒的真理。
The teacher told us the earth __________ (travel) around the sun.
★温馨提示：1) 在以here, there开头的句子中用一般现在时替代现在进行时
Here _________(come) the bus.
Listen! There _______(go) the bell.
2) 一定要掌握三单动词变化规律
2. 现在进行时：现在进行时是由助动词be (am, is, are)+动词-ing 形式构成的，用来表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
标志词语：Look! Listen! while, now，these days, at this moment等时间状语 He ____________ (read) a newspaper, while he ______________(wait) for buses. My hometown __________________ (become/get) richer and richer.
--What are you doing these days? ----I ____________ (write) a novel.
-- Where’s Tom? -- He _______(help) his dad wash the car over there under the tree. ★温馨提示
1) always 用于将来时含有情感色彩。
He __________ always __________(complain) to me. (抱怨)
He _______always _____________(think )of others first. (赞赏)
2) 表感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如：see, hear, smell, taste, notice, seem, hate, like, love, want, wish 等不用进行时
I ___________(want) to visit the Great Wall.
I __________(live) in Jinan now.
This kind of fruit _____________(smell) terrible but _____________( taste) sweet. He ________(not, like) the teacher at all.
3）表理解、记忆、 拥有、决定的动词，如forget, remember, understand, believe, know, decide，have, has, own, belong等，不用进行时
Now I still __________(remember) what he said.
3. 现在完成时：构成have/has+过去分词；其疑问句是把have/has提至句首，否定式是在have/has后面加not。
标志状词语： already, yet, ever, never, before, since…，in/during the past/last…, so far=up to now=by now, just, recently, all one’s life, ever since，since then 考点：
The old man __________(live) in this village since he _______(be) 3 years old. By now, we _____________(learn) thousands of words.
So far, he _________________(visit) the island 5 times.
In the last 2 years, many people ________________(buy) personal cars.
He’s already put the rubbish into the dustbin. (一般疑问句) (否定句)
→__________ he __________ the rubbish into the dustbin_________?
→He _______ _________ the rubbish into the dustbin _________.
He left his hometown 3 years ago. He hasn’t come back yet. (同义句)
A）He ___________ _____________ _____________ from his hometown for 3 years.
B）3 years __________ ___________ ___________ he ___________ his hometown. Mr Smith died 35 years ago. (同义句)
A）Mr Smith __________ ___________ _____________ for 35 years.
B）___________ ___________ 35 years ____________ Mr Smith ___________. ★温馨提示：1) 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用
延续性动词：be, have, know, live, work, study, learn, teach, speak, talk, draw，wait，wear，walk, sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如：Uncle Wang has worked here for 10 years.
非延续性动词：come ,go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：
come--- be；leave---be away；come to---be in/at；go out---be out；begin/start ---be on； buy---have；borrow---keep；die—be dead；join --- be a member of/be a…member；catch a cold---have a cold；get/fall ill/sick --- be ill/sick；become a teacher---be a teacher；fall asleep---be asleep；go/get to sleep---sleep；marry --- be married；end/finish---be over
2) have/has been to，have/has gone to与have/has been in的区别
have/has been to意思是―去过某地‖ eg. He has been to America many times.
have/has gone to意思是―去了某地‖ eg. ---Where is your mother? –She has gone to the shop.
have/has been in +地点+表示段的时间状语，意思是“在某地已经停留了（多长时间）”。
eg. She went to Shanghai last week. She has been there for mort than a week.
3) 几组易混淆的词
1) already与yet : already通常用于肯定句中 , yet用于疑问句, 否定句中
2) ever与never: ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中多用于完成时态。 --- Have you ever traveled around the world? --- No, not ever.
never意为“从来没有，从未”，常与before连用。
I have never been late for school before.
3) before与ago: before在完成时中常与ever，never连用， I have never been there before.
ago常用于一般过去时，但在与since引导的词组或句子中，主句用完成时。 eg. He has lived here since he was born.
4) for与since：“for+一段时间”；since与表示过去的某一时间点词组或句子连用， 考点：
I _____________(teach) here since I came to Jinan.
His father _____________(work) in the factory for 20 years.
The old man ________________(live) in the village all his life.
__________ you ___________ (pack) your suitcase yet? We’ll leave in a minute. --- Have the guests arrived? --- Yes. They __________ (arrive) half an hour ago. I ___________ (teach) here since I came to Jinan.
His father ___________ (work) in the factory for 20 years.
The old man ___________ (live) in the village all his life.
二：过去范畴的时态：
1. 一般过去时：
标志词语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last night / week/month /year/term…, two days/…. ago, after…=…later, just now, one day, once…也可和always, often, usually, sometimes, ….连用，表示过去反复发生的动作。
例如：He was sometimes late for school last term.
考点：
The old man said he _____________(plant) lots of trees last year.
After the history class was over, we ____________(have) a class meeting.
I didn’t sleep until my mother _____________(reach) home.
Before we left school, we _______________(clean) the classroom.
The child began to cry as soon as he ______________(see) his mother.
When they were talking , the teacher ____________(come) in.
The other day, I ___________(leave) my bag on the bus on the way to the park. She always ____________(sleep) late when she was in Grade One.
2. 过去进行时：
标志词语：at that time=then , at this time yesterday / last night…, when ,while, at…o’clock yesterday…
结构：主语 + were / was +动词的现在分词
考点：
When / While he _______________(walk) along the street, it began to rain.
The children __________________(leave) school on Tuesday when they saw the accident happen.
While the girls __________(sweep) the floor, the boys were cleaning the desks.
---Why didn’t you have the meeting? --- I _______________(talk)with a parent then.
3. 过去完成时：
标志词语：by+过去的时间点, before, after, when等引导的复合句中，by the time…, 通常也出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中
★hope, plan, mean, want, think, expect等表示“希望、期望、打算”等含义的动词的过去完成时态可以用来表示一个本来打算做而没有做的动作。We had hoped to catch the 8:00 train, but found it was gone.我们本来希望赶上八点的火车，却发现车已经开了。
考点：
By the time the police___________(break) into the room, the thief ______________(leave).
When we _________(reach) the cinema, the film ___________ (be)on for 20 minutes. The thief ________________(run) away before the policeman __________(find) him. After the thief ______________(run) away, the policeman _______________(arrive). Luo Xuejuan said she ________________(learn) swimming since she was very young.
三．将来范畴的时态：
1. 一般将来时: will + do 表以后要发生的动作或状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势; be going to do表计划打算做某事
Tom __________(come) back next week. Fish __________(die) without water. He is going ____________(speak) on TV this evening.
Look at the clouds. It ____________(rain. )
标志词语：tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/…,next week/year/month…, soon, in two days…,how soon等
考点：
Jim ______________ (not go) to the doctor until he feels badly ill.
If you don’t want to go there alone, I_____________(go) with you.
He’s not sure if his wife __________________ (go) abroad with him next year. Can you tell me when the Smiths __________________(leave) for Tokyo next year? He ________________ (get) the book back in a few weeks.
★温馨提示：
1) should, be supposed to, had better , must, have to + do 的用法
---When will I get there? --- You had better _________(be) on time.
You had better ____________(not, be) late for school from now on.
2) 在条件/ 时间 / 让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。
If he _________(call) me tomorrow, I will go with him.
When you __________ (have) any question, you can ask me.
As soon as he ___________ (finish) the work, he will fly to Hong Kong.
You mustn’t eat anything until you _______________ (see) the doctor.
I won’t go to the party unless Tom _____________(give) me an invitation.
Although he _________(come) tomorrow, I have to leave for Beijing right away.
3) 表位置移动的动词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move, sail, travel等，常用经形式表将来时。
I __________(come) to see you next week.
He __________(arrive) at 9 this morning. You had better to meet him at the station.
2. 过去将来时：would +do; was/ were going to do
标志词语：通常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中; 在叙述过去将会发生的
事情时。
考点：
The engineer told us he _____________ (pass) the Olympic Flame in two hours.
He went to his hometown the day before yesterday. He _____________(visit) his old friends.
She said she _________(leave) for America that week.
中考真题：
I.单选题
1．---Where did you go last night? ---I ____ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked
2. He will telephone us as soon as he ____________.
A. arrives B. reaches C. gets to D. will arrive
3. No one knew what ____________ to China in a century.
A. would be happened B. would happen C. will happen D. was happened
4. ---Where’s Sam? --- He __________ for France.
A. had left B. has left C. left D. would leave
5. The stone bridge ___________ in our hometown ten years ago.
A. was build B. was built C. built D. build
6. Do you know when the computer _______________?
A. was invited B. be invented C. was invented D. invented
7. ---How long ___________ the film King Kong ________? ---For just several minutes.
A. did , begin B. has, on C. has, been on D. has, begun
8. ---What should we do first if we want to develop our village?
---A lot of new roads _____________,I think.
A. must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built
9. Usually, Betty _________ in colorful T-shirts in summer.
A. wears B. is dressed C. is wearing D. dresses
10. This kind of food __________cool, clean and dry according to the instruction.
A. should be carried B. must be put C. should be placed D. must be kept
11. ---I called you this morning, but nobody answered.
--- I ________ the flowers in my garden at that time.
A. watered B. was watering C. water D. am watering
12. ---You’ve left the light on. ---Oh, sorry. _______ and turn it off.
A. I’ve gone B. I’ll go C. I went D. I’m going
13. Don’t worry. I ________ you as soon as I finish my work.
A. help B. will help C. helped D. was helping
14. They say there ___________ a new bridge across the river in two years.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. will has
15. These apples ________ well because they ________ nice.
A. are sold, taste B. sell, taste C. sell, are tasted D. are sold, are tasted
16. ---Has the match started ? ---Started? Finished! Guo Yue __________.
A. is winning B. wins C. will win D. has won
17. ---What’s wrong with your coat?
---Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ________ on it.
A. is sitting B. had sat C. sits D. was sitting
18. ---They say there’s a new restaurant nearby. --- Yes, and it ______ for no more than a week.
A. has been open B. opens C. is opening D. is opened
19. James is my friend. He _________ Jim for short.
A. calls B. is called C. called D. is calling
20．---Don’t make any noise in the movie theatre. --- ___________.
A. Sorry, I can’t B. Sorry, I won’t C. Yes, I will D. No, I will
21. ---Why didn’t you give the wallet to the man at once?
---He _____ before I realized it was his.
A. had appeared B. has appeared C. had disappeared D. has been appeared
22. ---I won’t have a trip to Mount Huang unless my best friend Amy ______, too. ---You mean you’ll go if Amy goes?
A. will invite B. invites C. is invited D. will be invited
23. ---Must I finish the work today, Mom?
---No, you _________. You can finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
24. -----I didn’t pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing
computer games recently.
------I agree. You ______ play like that any more.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. wouldn’t
25. ----Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?
---No. It _______ be Tom. He has gone to Paris.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
26. ---Bob, may I ______ your MP4? ---Sure. But you’d better not ____ it to others.
A. lend, lend B. lend, borrow C. borrow, borrow D. borrow, lend
27. There _______ a teacher and some students __________ basketball on the
playground.
A. is, to play B. are, playing C. is, playing D. are, playing
28. The news _______ very interesting! Please tell more.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
30. Jimmy ______ TV when his mother got home.
A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. was watching II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. Don’t make any noise. Grandma ______________(sleep).
2. ________it __________(rain) when the film was over yesterday?
3. ---_________ the No.302 bus _________ (come)? --- Not yet.
4. They said they ___________(leave) if John __________(stay).
5. Who __________(dance) best in your class?
6. The Reads __________________ (not listen) to the radio at that time.
7. She said that the car _________________(use) the next week.
8. The dog _______________(lie) on the floor when I came in.
9. Her mother ____________(cook) at this time yesterday.
10. Please ______________(do) your homework. _______________(not make) any noise!
11. ---Where are your parents? --- They __________(go) to Nanjing.
12. The boy _______________(make) to laugh again and again by the funny story.
13. Mary said that she _____________(visit) her aunt the next week.
14. We _______________ (tell) to write down all the sentences yesterday.
15. The patient ___________(make) ____________(wait) for a long time.
16. The rivers are so small that they can’t ____________(show) in the maps.
17. Please tell him _________(wait) for me at the gate.
18. The performance __________(last) nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.
19. I will call you as soon as he ________(come) back.
20. The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors __________(become) smaller and smaller.
III. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的动词，并用其适当形式填空。有时需要加助
动词或不定式符号。（每词用一次）
1
He ____1___what Mohammed Ali did for boxing , Michael Jordan for basketball, Roger Federer for tennis and Tiger Woods for golf.
Twenty-three-year-old Michael Phelps has become a phenomenon (神话) in swimming.
At the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, he ___2____eight gold medals. That was more than the whole Australian team could ____3___ together. He beat Mark Spitz’s 1972 record of seven wins in the pool at the one Games. Phelps has put his name next to seven world records.
―I’m just lucky to have the drive (动力) that I have, the talent that I have and the excitement for the sport,‖ Phelps said after winning his last medal.
After the Olympics, ____4____ will not be in the news so much. But Phelps has decided to keep working to popularize it.
―I don’t want this sport to be an every-four-years sport,‖ Phelps said. ―Over the past four years, it’s skyrocketed. I’m honored to help this sport for the next generation of swimmers who _____5___ it better than I have.‖
2
It is a
a good friend. My good friend is Diana. She is rich and proud girl. She often thinks that she is too good for anyone, so nobody ___2_______ to be her friend.
One day after school, I ___3_______ to Diana’s birthday . She gave me a biscuit. I accepted it. We talked and joked , and from then on, I began to spend more time ___4______ with Diana. I ___5_____ happy.
I had an unusual experience on Sunday. At around ten o’clock in the morning, I ____1______ down the street, when a UFO landed right in front of me. You can imagine how strange it was! An alien got out and walked down Center Street. I followed ___2_____ where it was going .While it ___3___ at the souvenirs, the shop assistant called the police. Before the police arrived, the alien left the shop and then ____4____ the Museum of Flight. Isn’t that _____5_____.
But Henry's mother didn't like the old man. She always asked him _______1_______ the rooms, and she didn't want her son to play with him, but the boy didn't listen to her. He was angry with his mother about it. One day he saw a broken bowl on his way home. He picked it up and put it into his bag. His mother was surprised when she _______2_______ the broken bowl.
Hearing this, the woman began to cry. Since then she ______5_________ kind to the old man. Thanks to the broken bowl, Henry's mother changed her attitude.
Water is very important to people. We can't_______1________ without people. There is less and less water on the earth. But some people don't seem ________2_______ about that. They waste a lot of water. They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes and pollute them. They throw rubbish into them, too. Many rivers and lakes ________3______. Something must _______4________ to stop the pollution and save the water. We must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it. If we don't, the last drop of water ______5_________ gone.
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