中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语

时间:2024-09-17 16:52:55 王娟 学人智库 我要投稿
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中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语

  在我们平凡的学生生涯里,大家最不陌生的就是知识点吧!知识点在教育实践中,是指对某一个知识的泛称。哪些才是我们真正需要的知识点呢?下面是小编为大家收集的中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语,希望对大家有所帮助。

中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语

  with+宾语+宾语补足语是一个十分有用的结构,具体地说,它有以下几种类型:

  1.with+宾语+形容词

  He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。

  Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。

  2.with+宾语+副词

  He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。

  He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。

  3.with+宾语+名词

  He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。

  4.with+宾语+介词短语

  She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。

  He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。

  5.with+宾语+现在分词(短语)

  He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。

  I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。

  6.with+宾语+过去分词(短语)

  He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。

  All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

  7.with+宾语+不定式(短语)

  I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。

  With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time.有这么多人帮忙,我们一定能按时完成。

  宾语补足语

  在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要接有其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补。

  I heard Jean singing this morning.

  句中的Jean 是宾语,但是主语"I "听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing。singing 是句中的宾语补足语,它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作。

  能够充当宾补的宾语补足语大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。

  比如:

  I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)

  I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)

  Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)

  注意:当感官动词和使役动词,如:

  see/ hear /notice/ watch /hear/ feel/ observe(感官动词)

  make /have /let(使役动词)

  接宾补时,不定式的符号to必须省略。

  在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。

  现在分词作定语

  现在分词作定语用法:

  现在分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前.例如:

  The man standing by the window is our teacher.

  The excited people rushed into the building.

  注意:现在分词作定语时,它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。例如:

  The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.

  现在分词作定语的差异:

  现在分词在句中作定语时,不仅存在前置与后置的区别,而且存在状态、时间与形式上的差异。为了帮助大家分清这些差异,更好地掌握现在分词的用法,现在分别论述如下。

  状态差异

  现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲,前置的现在分词静感强。而后置现在分词动感强。学*时要注意体会这一点。

  例1:The labouring people are the wisest.

  例2:The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.

  能前置的现在分词为数不太多,常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词,有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。

  例3: I have brought very exciting news to you.

  例4:This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.

  时间差异

  时间差异指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异。有些现在分词作定语时表示正在的动作。这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。

  例5:Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise?

  Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any

  noise?

  例6:The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.

  The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.

  有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态,而不宜用进行时态。若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点。

  例7:They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.

  例8:The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.

  形式差异

  从形式来看,前置现在分词多为单个分词,而后置现在分词多为短语。换句话说,若用现在分词作定语,单个分词要前置,分词短语要后置。但也不能绝对如此,要视情况而定。要是强调动感,即使是单个分词也应后置。

  例9:Look! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary.

  从内容来讲,前置现在分词多为不及物动词,没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语或状语。有时前置现在分词也可有自己的宾语或状语,不过要置于分词前,且中间要有连词符号。当然,带比较级时除外。

  例10:Barking dogs seldom bite.

  例 11:The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.

  例 12:England and America are English-speaking countries.

  值得说明的是,现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语,只能作后置定语,使用时应慎重。

  例 13:We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

  为了让提问者有一个全面的认识,以上是引用网上的两个回复者的内容。

  下面来分析提问者所例句子:

  I've never had such a thing happening to me before

  现在分词做后置定语其功能相当于一个定语从句

  I've never had such a thing that is happening to me before.

  现在发生在我身上的事,我以前从没遇到过。

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中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语

  在我们平凡的学生生涯里,大家最不陌生的就是知识点吧!知识点在教育实践中,是指对某一个知识的泛称。哪些才是我们真正需要的知识点呢?下面是小编为大家收集的中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语,希望对大家有所帮助。

中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语

  with+宾语+宾语补足语是一个十分有用的结构,具体地说,它有以下几种类型:

  1.with+宾语+形容词

  He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。

  Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。

  2.with+宾语+副词

  He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。

  He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。

  3.with+宾语+名词

  He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。

  4.with+宾语+介词短语

  She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。

  He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。

  5.with+宾语+现在分词(短语)

  He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。

  I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。

  6.with+宾语+过去分词(短语)

  He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。

  All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

  7.with+宾语+不定式(短语)

  I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。

  With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time.有这么多人帮忙,我们一定能按时完成。

  宾语补足语

  在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要接有其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补。

  I heard Jean singing this morning.

  句中的Jean 是宾语,但是主语"I "听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing。singing 是句中的宾语补足语,它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作。

  能够充当宾补的宾语补足语大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。

  比如:

  I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)

  I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)

  Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)

  注意:当感官动词和使役动词,如:

  see/ hear /notice/ watch /hear/ feel/ observe(感官动词)

  make /have /let(使役动词)

  接宾补时,不定式的符号to必须省略。

  在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。

  现在分词作定语

  现在分词作定语用法:

  现在分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前.例如:

  The man standing by the window is our teacher.

  The excited people rushed into the building.

  注意:现在分词作定语时,它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。例如:

  The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.

  现在分词作定语的差异:

  现在分词在句中作定语时,不仅存在前置与后置的区别,而且存在状态、时间与形式上的差异。为了帮助大家分清这些差异,更好地掌握现在分词的用法,现在分别论述如下。

  状态差异

  现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲,前置的现在分词静感强。而后置现在分词动感强。学*时要注意体会这一点。

  例1:The labouring people are the wisest.

  例2:The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.

  能前置的现在分词为数不太多,常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词,有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。

  例3: I have brought very exciting news to you.

  例4:This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.

  时间差异

  时间差异指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异。有些现在分词作定语时表示正在的动作。这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。

  例5:Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise?

  Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any

  noise?

  例6:The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.

  The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.

  有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态,而不宜用进行时态。若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点。

  例7:They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.

  例8:The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.

  形式差异

  从形式来看,前置现在分词多为单个分词,而后置现在分词多为短语。换句话说,若用现在分词作定语,单个分词要前置,分词短语要后置。但也不能绝对如此,要视情况而定。要是强调动感,即使是单个分词也应后置。

  例9:Look! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary.

  从内容来讲,前置现在分词多为不及物动词,没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语或状语。有时前置现在分词也可有自己的宾语或状语,不过要置于分词前,且中间要有连词符号。当然,带比较级时除外。

  例10:Barking dogs seldom bite.

  例 11:The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.

  例 12:England and America are English-speaking countries.

  值得说明的是,现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语,只能作后置定语,使用时应慎重。

  例 13:We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

  为了让提问者有一个全面的认识,以上是引用网上的两个回复者的内容。

  下面来分析提问者所例句子:

  I've never had such a thing happening to me before

  现在分词做后置定语其功能相当于一个定语从句

  I've never had such a thing that is happening to me before.

  现在发生在我身上的事,我以前从没遇到过。