考研英语词汇复习指导

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考研英语词汇复习指导

　　考研英语对于词汇的考查主要体现在考生“同义替换”的能力上，也就是考查考生对于语言多样性的把握，所以考生在背单词的时候一定要掌握单词的同义词。

考研英语词汇复习指导

　　paradox

　　n.似是而非的话，自相矛盾的话，反论

　　【例】The share of information and the security of information are the most paradox in computer network.计算机网络的信息共享与信息安全是网络上最大的悖论。

　　【构词】para-(前缀=contrary 相反)+dox(=opinion观点)→自相矛盾的观点

　　【同义替换】inconsistency, contradiction

　　【派生】paradoxical a.矛盾的 paradoxically ad.矛盾地

　　【真题】His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.

　　他的观点是，这些人非同寻常的经历使他们遭受了其他人所没有经受过的进化压力，而这些压力最终导致了这种矛盾的状况。

　　ornament

　　v.装饰，美化 n.装饰，装饰物

　　【例】The clock is simply for ornament; it doesn’t actually work.那时钟纯粹是为了装饰，其实不能走。

　　【构词】orn(装饰)+a+-ment(名词后缀)→装饰

　　【同义替换】decorate

　　【派生】ornate a.装饰的 ornamental a.装饰的，装饰用的 ornamentalist n.装饰

　　【真题】We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

　　文学评论的历史可以追溯到二十世纪初期、第二次世界大战爆发前夕。那个时候在英国出版的报纸上有各种各样的报纸评论。那个时候的报刊文章非常便宜，上面刊登的文学评论被认为是这些出版物的装饰。

　　underestimate

　　v.低估，看轻

　　【例】We should neither underestimate nor overestimate our abilities.我们既不应低估我们的能力，也不该高估我们的能力。

　　【构词】under-(不足，少)+estimate(估算)→低估

　　【同义替换】undervalue, misjudge

　　【真题】Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.

　　由于没有足够的饵钩，有个别的鱼没有被捕捉到，这使得过去实际捕捉到的鱼群数量大大低于预期。

　　revise

　　v.修订，校订;修正，修改

　　【例】The new legislation empowered the ICC to suspend general rate increases and revise rates on its own initiative.新立法授权州际商业委员会中止普遍提价，并主动修改运价。

　　【构词】re-(再)+vise(vis看)→再看→审阅，重新审查→修订，修改，改正

　　【同义替换】correct, rectify, remedy, improve, modify, change

　　【派生】revision n.修订本，校订，修正，复习

　　【真题】Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise.

　　语法、标点符号和拼写可以等到稍后修改的时候再说。

　　parachute

　　n.降落伞 v.跳伞

　　【例】Supplies were parachuted into the earthquake zone.救援物资已空投到地震灾区。

　　【构词】para-(防，避开，保护)+chute(=fall)→保护降落→降落伞

　　【派生】parachutist n.跳伞者

　　【真题】As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.

　　因此，他们失去了以前在经济困难时曾有过的保障，即当家中主要的挣钱人失业或生病时，后备挣钱人(通常是妈妈)可以出去工作。

　　revenge

　　n.(on sb. for sth.)报复，复仇 v.替……报仇

　　【例】They swore to take their revenge on the kidnappers.他们发誓要向绑架者复仇。

　　【构词】re-(回，反)+venge(=punish惩罚→报仇)→报仇

　　【同义替换】avenge, repay

　　【派生】revengeful a.报仇的，报复的 revengefully ad.报仇地，报复地

　　【真题】It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.

　　交通礼节让司机们在遭遇不文明行为时保持最冷静的心态和好脾气去压制报复的冲动。

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