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Abstract: the first part of this article uses the basic theory of development economics to analyze the important role of scientific and technological progress in economic growth, and then illustrates that scientific and technological progress is the primary productive force. The second part proves the key role of scientific and technological progress in economic growth in the future through relevant data. Finally, it is pointed out that the transformation of the mode of economic growth relying on scientific and technological progress can lead to long-term, stable and sustained economic growth and lead the economy to a new stage.
Key words: scientific and technological progress; economic growth; Capital
Frist. Introduction
After a well-off society in an all-round way, China's international status has been greatly improved. The total economic output is second only to that of the United States, ranking second in the world. The fundamental sign of achieving a relatively comfortable standard of living is that the per capita GDP exceeds US $3000, close to the average level of middle-income countries. The following items: first, per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 18000 yuan; second: per capita income of rural residents reached 8000 yuan; third: the Engel coefficient is reduced to 35%; Fourth: urban per capita housing construction area reached 30 square meters; fifth, the urbanization rate reached 56%; Sixth residents: the family computer penetration rate reached 20%; seventh: university enrollment rate reached 25%; eighth: the minimum living guarantee for urban residents reached 95%. After China has built a well-off society in an all-round way, we will always follow the tenet of serving the people wholeheartedly and vigorously develop the productive forces, promote economic growth and move towards higher income countries. Then, the path of economic growth in the future
Two, the relationship between technological progress and economic growth
The source and the determinant factors on economic growth theory, mainly through the following three theories illustrate: 1. in Hadro - Thomas economic growth model as the representative of the capital theory, the theory that the key to economic growth is the accumulation of capital, the main content is the same in the capital output ratio under the condition of economy growth depends on the savings rate. 2. with the Solow economic growth model as the representative of technological determinism, the theory that economic growth mainly depends on the degree of technological progress. These two theories have some deficiencies, which emphasizes the single capital accumulation Harold Domar model is not the test of practice. Although the Solow model emphasizes the great role of science and technology progress, but it is the science and technology progress as exogenous, the economic growth is not only temporary, sustained growth. 3. of the endogenous growth theory, the theory of 1980s as the new growth theory of traditional economic growth theory to rethink, the technological progress of economic growth source of progress of science and technology in biochemistry to make up for the Solow economic growth model of the technological progress as exogenous factors of defects, and points out that the accumulation of knowledge and human capital in technological progress the accumulation of economic growth continued to play a crucial role. The assumption that the theory of constant decline in traditional economic growth theory of earnings and returns to scale were perfect, the accumulation of knowledge and human capital as a source of economic growth factors to curb the diminishing returns and diminishing returns to scale through the mechanism of the positive external effect, not only can make their own formation of increasing income, but also can make the capital and material factors labor return to increase, so that the whole economy increasing returns to scale, to ensure sustained economic growth. Through the above analysis can be found in the process of economic development, increase the investment of capital, labor and other factors of production will lead to the output growth of economic growth, but the economy to achieve long-term, sustained and rapid growth can not only rely on the factor of production is simple, to abandon the extensive mode of production, take intensive expansion the mode of reproduction, that is to say the technology progress plays a vital role in the economic development, because technology not only brings the growth of output, but also by external effects, improve the production of natural elements and elements of labor, physical capital and productivity, eliminate these elements in the same income decline, and increasing returns to scale. The differences between economic growth rate and income level is the main source of knowledge in the world and the level of human capital accumulation is different, so the future economic development of the most important and the most crucial point is to increase the accumulation of knowledge and human capital accumulation.
Three, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to economic growth
In recent years, the National Bureau of statistics with the relevant departments to carry out the research work of science and technology progress in quantitative measurement, introduced a set of calculation methods, namely the growth rate equation and Cobb Douglas production function combination method, the specific formula is: EA=Y- alpha K- beta LY * 100%% in EA for scientific and technological progress on economic contribution to the growth of Y is K the average growth rate of output is the average growth rate of the capital, the average growth rate for L alpha labor for the output elasticity of capital and other conditions remain unchanged, the capital increase of 1%, alpha beta for increased output% of the output elasticity of labor, that other conditions remain unchanged, labor an increase of 1%, increase in output, K beta%Y and L can be calculated by the National Bureau of statistics data and search (this press a year a year of data reduction and data, in addition to the data for more than a year to the capital Mainly refers to the fixed capital, labor mainly refers to employees Alpha and beta can be calculated by the rate of change of Y divided by their respective rates of change. From 2005 to 2013, the growth rate of the labor force generally declined, and the elasticity of labor output declined, while the capital showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In 2009, for example, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress is negative. At this point, the main contribution should be capital, and the growth rate of capital is as high as 21.8 this year. China lost the advantage of demographic dividend, make a major contribution to the economy is capital, followed by the technological progress and scientific and technological progress on economic growth contributions is stable, but because of the scarcity of energy resources and the deterioration of the environment, economy and environment with both hands of the consciousness is more and more strong, so in the future of economic growth plays a key role in the technological progress.
Four summary
Through the above analysis of the two, and combined with the actual situation of our country, we come to the following understanding. First of all, with the all-round well-off society, economic globalization, network modernization, competition between countries are increasingly inclined to the competition of science and technology, relying on the advantages of software technology to seize the Silicon Valley model about "4 German strategic industrial intelligent factory" and "the United States, the 4 industry challenges in the development of the advanced mode of production", confirm the importance of the progress of science and technology. China also faces enormous challenges in the manufacturing sector, the provinces in Northeast China as an example, as an old industrial base, the traditional manufacturing industry has lost support, to Chinese economic low-spirited, facing a transition pressure, this process needs to complete the transformation of scientific and technological progress. After the completion of the transition, I personally believe that technological progress will only be more important, only technological progress, improve factor utilization, can effectively stimulate economic growth. Secondly, to forward the list of developed countries, should pay attention to the adjustment of industrial structure, reasonable arrangements for the industry accounted for, should pay attention to the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, vigorously develop the third industry as a service industry, there will be more intelligent robot to enter the industry, reduce the production cost at the same time, we will engage in more human intelligence work so, to improve productivity, which requires more relying on Intelligent Internet, software development, realization of rapid economic development and steady progress in science and technology to the commanding heights. Finally, scientific and technological innovation can improve factor utilization, guide the rational flow of production factors among different departments, and foster the development of new industries. It is also the source of economic growth and transformation of industrial structure. Therefore, to create a good soft environment is to attract scientific research personnel and high-end enterprises, and it is an important way to achieve great leap forward development. Scientific research institutions and colleges and universities are the cradle of high-level and innovative talents needed for the construction of the national soft power and scientific and technological innovation bases. China should take measures from the aspects of the introduction of high-tech enterprises, collection of scientific and technological talents, set up scientific and technological innovation alliance together, similar to industrial capital, industrial capital and human resources of science and technology closely together, enrich and perfect the carrier function, enhance their agglomeration.
Reference：
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