是父亲教会孩子果敢

时间：2024-06-08 19:09:58 学人智库我要投稿

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是父亲教会孩子果敢

　　Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn tenacity.

是父亲教会孩子果敢

　　BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher engagement in school and lower rates of delinquency.

　　“In our research we ask ‘Can your child stick with a task? Can they finish a project? Can they make a goal and complete it?’” Day said. “Learning to stick with it sets a foundation for kids to flourish and to cope with the stress and pressures of life.”

　　“There are relatively few studies that highlight the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to establish that traits such as persistence – which can be taught – are key to a child’s life success.”

　　Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:

　　Children feel warmth and love from their father;

　　Accountability and the reasons behind rules are emphasized;

　　Children are granted an appropriate level of autonomy.

　　In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which lead to better outcomes in school and lower levels of delinquency.

　　This particular study examined 11-14 year olds residing in two-parent homes. Yet the study authors suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.

　　“Fathers should continue to try and be involved in their children’s lives and engage in high quality interactions, even if the quantity of those interactions might be lower than is desirable,” Padilla-Walker said.

　　年轻人要进入今天的社会并不是件易事。毅力是成功的一大关键素质，研究者认为孩子这方面的特质很大程度上受父亲的影响。

　　杨百瀚大学(Brigham Young University)的研究人员发现，在教会处于青春期的孩子处事坚韧这件事上，父亲的角色和他起的作用是不可或缺的。

　　杨百翰大学的教授 Laura Padilla-Walker 和 Randal Day，在对了325个家庭进行了数年的跟踪观察之后得出了这些上述结论。受益于从父亲身上学到的坚毅性格，日后孩子在学校里能比他的同学更积极更投入，他们品行不端的比率也较低。

　　“在我们的研究中，我们想知道，你的孩子是否能专心致志于一件事，是否能完成一个学生课题，他们是否能设立目标并且最终达成?”Randal Day教授如是说，“学会坚持是孩子们健康成长并应对生活中的压力和焦虑的基础。”

　　“这方面的研究，强调父亲角色的相对来说并不多。”Padilla-Walker 说“这个研究同时可以证明：诸如毅力的一些品质是孩子收获成功人生的关键，而这些品质是可以通过教育养成的。”研究者坚信父亲需要在教育中秉持权威。权威式教育可不同于专制管教，后者严格而死板，苛求又束缚。相反，权威式教育包括了以下几个特征：

　　孩子从父亲那里感受到爱与温暖

　　着重于规矩背后的原因道理

　　给予孩子恰当的自主自治

　　研究中有大约52%的父亲在教育孩子时表现出了高于平均水平的权威。日后，那些家庭中的孩子养成坚韧个性的几率远高于平均，这使得他们在学校中表现突出，绝少会行为出轨。

　　这个专项研究考察的对象在11到14周岁，且由双亲抚养。不过研究者认为单身父亲在培养孩子毅力时发挥关键的影响。这也是下一步研究的方向。

　　“父亲们得继续努力参与孩子的生活并保持有质量的互动，虽说父子间互动还是比理想状况中少了太多。”Padilla-Walker说道。

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