26.The key to JIT operations is that the demand for components and materials depends on the finalized production schedule.
准时制作业的关键是对配件和物料的需求根据最终生产进度来决定。
27.There are five basic modes of transportation. They are water transport, rail transport, truck transport, air transport and pipeline transport.
基本运输方式有五种，他们是水陆运输、铁路运输、汽车运输、航空运输和管道运输。
28.Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems.
运输是物流系统设计和管理中至关重要的组成部分。
29.If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many other aspects, such as the capital cost and interest accruing to it, taxes, insurance and obsolescence cost.
如果过量库存，不仅会造成仓库费用而且在很多方面会产生费用，如资产成本和它所产生的利息，以及税收、保险和商品变成陈旧物的成本。
30.Packing can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging.
包装可以分成工业包装和消费包装两种。
31.Packaging about protect the goods against damages during handling, storing and transportation.
包装应能保护货物在搬运、储存和运输过程中免受损坏。
32.Due to improper packing, the goods are terribly damaged.
由于包装不善，货物严重受损。
33.Things like plastic, steel and glass can be recycled to reduce production cost so that natural resources are saved.
塑料、钢铁和玻璃这样的物品能回收利用以降低生产成本、节约自然资源。
34.Both buyers and suppliers can benefit a lot from the reduction in the number of suppliers.
买卖双方都能从减少供应商的数量上获取许多利益。
35.Just-in-time strategy ensures that while minimizing inventory levels, materials are made available for production.
准时制战略确保在降低库存水平的同时能得到生产所需的物料。
36.The goal of just-in-time purchasing is zero inventory.
准时制采购的目标是零库存。
37.Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain.
信息对供应链的运作是至关重要的。
38.Setting inventory levels requires downstream information from customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability and information on current inventory levels.
制定库存水平需要下游客户需求信息、上游供应链可供信息和当前的库存水平信息。
39.The idea of supply chain management was first put forward in the 1980s.
供应链管理的理念最初在20世纪80年代提出。
40.Supply chain management means the design, planning and control of the information flow, material flow and cash flow with a view to strengthening competitiveness.
供应链管理就是对信息流、物料流和资金流进行设计、计划和控制以增强竞争力。
(或：供应链管理是指为增强竞争力而对信息流、物料流和资金流进行的设计、策划和控制)
41.Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service.
海洋运输是国际物流服务的重要环节。
42.There are two types of shipping markets: the liner market and the tramp market.
航运市场分为两类：班轮运输和不定期船运输。
43.A Container Load Plan is of five copies, each of which is to be given respectively to the terminal, the carrier, the shipping agent, the shipper and the party that stuffs the container.
集装箱装箱单一式五份，分别交给集装箱码头、承运人、船务代理、托运人和装箱人。
44.After the cargo is stuffed into a container, it is handed to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board according to the stowage plan.
货物装箱后，就拖运到集装箱堆场并根据积载图装上船。
45.A container terminal connects sea and land, transferring containers to and from ships. It is capable of handling containers more quickly, economically, accurately and in greater volumes than conventional ports.
集装箱码头连接陆运和 海运 ，经船上装运集装箱。在装卸搬运上，集装箱码头比普通杂货码头更快、更经济、更准确、吞吐量更大。
46.Information is a key to the success of logistics.
信息是物流成功的关键。
47.Warehousing is not a new business, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics.
仓储不是新的行业，但他在现代物流中有了新的功能。
48.Inventory control can effectively reduce logistics cost.
库存控制能有效地降低物流成本。
49.Packing and sorting are two activities in logistics.
包装和分拣是物流中的两项活动。
50.A supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers and so on that supply each other with raw materials, components, products and service.
供应链的定义是一个互相提供原材料、配件、产成品和服务的由工厂、供应商、零售商等组成的网络。
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