初中英语同义词替换考点

学人智库 时间:2018-02-08 我要投稿
【www.unjs.com - 学人智库】

  同义替换题是近几年中考英语的常考题型,今天小编为大家整理的是同义替换题的考查类型,希望大家喜欢,欢迎阅读参考。

  1、运用同义词(组)进行转换

  用同义词或同义短语对原句中的某些词或短语进行替换,注意转换后的词或短语的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如:

  1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

  That day we could see flowers __________.

  答案:everywhere

  解析:everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。

  2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

  The teacher always ______ ______ the children well in the school.

  答案:looks after

  解析:take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

  2、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换

  即用反义词或短语的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词(短语)的积累和换位思维的能力。如:

  1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

  It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.

  答案:same as

  解析: be different from意为“与……不同”;the same as意为“与……相同”,其否定式与be different from同义。

  2. I think wealth is less important than health.

  I ______ think wealth is ______ important than health.

  答案: don’t ; more

  另外,有的反义词不用与否定词连用,只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如:

  He lent some money to his friend.

  His friend ______ some money ______ him.

  答案:borrowed; from

  解析:borrow …from …意为“向……借……”;lend…to... 意为“把……借给……”。

  3、运用不同语态进行转换

  即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词, 但此时要特别注意时态一致性。如:

  1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

  Library books should______ ______ ______ on time.

  答案:be given back

  解析:被动句中含有情态动词should,因此助动词用be。

  2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

  It is widely accepted that computers ______ widely ______ in the world today.

  答案:are;used

  解析:computers是复数名词,助动词用are。

  4、非延续性动词与延续性动词相互转换

  非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如:

  1. The manager left two hours ago.

  The manager ______ ______ ______ for two hours.

  答案: has been away

  解析:leave为非延续性动词,不能与for two hours连用,而be away则可连用一段时间。

  2. The film began five minutes ago.

  The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

  答案:on for

  解析: has been提示时态是现在完成时态,“for + 时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”,常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

  3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

  Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

  答案:has been in

  5、直接引语与间接引语相互转换

  此时要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如:

  1.“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

  He ______ me that he______ ______his wallet.

  答案:told;had found

  2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

  He ______ ______ I had seen her the week ______.

  答案:asked if / whether; before

  6、简单句与复合句之间的转换

  即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如:

  1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

  We didn’t go out for a walk ______ ______ the rain.

  答案:because of

  2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

  He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

  答案:too excited to

  解析:将so…that…换成too…to…结构,原句的that从句为结果状语从句,改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

  3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

  Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

  答案:how you can

  解析:即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

  4. You should put them back after you use them.

  You should put them back _____ _____ them.

  答案:after using

  解析:即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

  7、并列句与复合句之间的转换

  即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如:

  1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

  ______ we ______ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

  答案:If;don’t

  2. The man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week.

  The man ______ gave us a talk last week ______ ______ us another talk this week.

  答案:who / that;will give

  解析:who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句,修饰先行词man。

  8、运用关联词连接或合并句子

  即运用关联词both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是,both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语总是用复数,而neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如:

  1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

  ______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

  答案:Neither;nor

  解析:neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

  2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

  ______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

  答案:Both;and

  解析:both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。

  3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

  This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

  答案:not only;but also

  解析:not only…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

  9、运用某些经典句式或结构进行转换

  这类典型结构如so…that…,too…to…,enough to,not…until…,so do I 等。如:

  1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

  Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

  答案:so do

  2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

  John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

  答案:didn’t; until

  解析:not…until意为“直到……才”。

  延伸阅读:初中英语高频近义词/词组考点辨析

  1、after, in

  这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”。

  after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。例如:

  She went after three days.

  她是三天以后走的。

  in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。例如:

  She will go in three days.

  她将会三天后走。

  2、how long, how often, how soon

  how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。

  例如:How long ago was it?

  这是多久前的事了?

  how often指多久一次,主要用来对频度状语(如once a week等)提问。

  例如:—How often does he come here? 他多久来一次?

  —Once a month.每月一次。

  how soon指多久以后,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。

  例如:How soon can you come?

  你多快能赶来?

  3、few, a few, little, a little

  few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。

  few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词。

  4、the other, another

  the other 指两者中的“另一个”,表示特指。例如:

  We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.

  我们站在街这边,他们站在街那边。

  another表示泛指,用来指至少三者中的另一个。

  例如:She has taken another of my books.

  她已经拿了我的另外一本书。

  5、spend, take, cost, pay

  spend的宾语是时间或金钱,句子的主语必须是人。例如:

  She spent the whole evening in reading.

  她把整个晚上用来读书。

  take用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。例如:

  How long will this job take you?

  你做这项工作要花多长时间?

  cost 指花费时间、金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语。例如:

  How much does the jacket cost?

  这件夹克多少钱?

  pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)。例如:

  I pay for my rooms by month.

  我按月支付租金。

  6、speak, say, talk, tell

  这四个动词都有“说”的意思。

  speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言。例如:

  He can speak Japanese.

  他会说日语。

  say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容。它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。例如:

  She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”

  她说:“别在墙上画画!”

  talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话。例如:

  She is talking with John in English.

  她正在和约翰用英语交谈。

  tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语。例如:

  She is telling the children a story.

  她正在给孩子们讲故事

  7、among, between

  between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间。例如:

  There is a table between two windows.

  在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。

  between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那也是指在每二者之间。例如:

  the relationship between different provinces and municiplities

  省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系)

  among 的意思是“在……中间,在……之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中。例如:

  The teacher distributed them among the students.

  老师把这些东西分给了学生。

  8、beat, win

  这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同。

  beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队。例如:

  We beat them.

  我们打败了他们。

  win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛或名次。例如:

  We won the match/game/race/the first place.

  我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

  9、agree with, agree on, agree to

  agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”。例如:

  We all agree on (making) an early start.

  我们一致同意及早出发。

  agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见或看法的名词或what引导的从句。例如:

  I agree with you without reservation.

  我毫无保留地同意你的意见。

  We agree with what you said just now.

  我们同意你刚才所说的。

  agree to表示“赞同、同意、答应或接受”,后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等。例如:

  I agree to the terms proposed.

  我同意拟议的条件。

  10、bring, take, carry,fetch

  这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。

  bring作“带来,拿来”解。例如:

  Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.

  下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

  take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解。例如:

  Take the box away, please.

  请把盒子拿走。

  carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。例如:

  This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.

  这辆巴士准载一百人。

  fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。例如:

  Please fetch me the documents in that room.

  请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。