同等学力英语考试真题

时间:2024-12-17 15:25:00 秀雯 学人智库 我要投稿

同等学力英语考试真题2套

  无论在学习或是工作中,我们需要用到考试真题的情况非常的多,借助考试真题可以更好地考核参考者的知识才能。大家知道什么样的考试真题才是规范的吗?以下是小编为大家整理的同等学力英语考试真题,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

同等学力英语考试真题2套

  同等学力英语考试真题 1

  Passage Two

  Tens of thousands of 18 year olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from awarded their luckier classmates Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover the these graduates are semiliterate(半文盲)

  Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational – repair – adult – literacy Programs, such as the one where I teach grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school, They will discover they have been cheated by our educational system.

  I will never forget a teacher when a senior had her for English. “He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends ”.she told me “ Why don’t you move him to the front row?” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said,"I don’t move seniors. I flunk (使 .........不 及 格) them.” Our son’s academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good this. It was a radical approach for these times, but well. Why not ? “She’s going to flunk you ” I told my son.

  I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority (头 等 重 要) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.

  I know one example doesn’t make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. “I should have been held back” is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class. “I don’t know how I ever got a high-school diploma.”

  Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They’d rather be sailing.

  Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they’ve got. They have a healthy fear of failure.

  People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Yong people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.

  37.What is the subject of this essay?

  A view point on learning

  B a qualified teacher

  C the importance of examination

  D the generation gap

  38.How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?

  A flunking him B moving his seat C blaming him D playing card with him

  39.The author believes that most effective way for a teacher is to

  A purify the teaching environments. B set up cooperation between teachers and parents. C hold back student. D motivate student.

  40. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors’ attitude toward flunking is

  A negative B positive C biased D indifferent

  41.Why do the author’s students make education a priority

  A They are feared about their future.

  B They have healthy problems.

  C They need to hold on to the present job.

  D They want to finish the class with an A

  42. Judging from the content,this passage is probably written for

  A administrators B students C teachers D parents

  Passage Three

  When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping——as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be ant capitalist, and maybe even a little French..

  But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.

  Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. “Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.

  Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.

  Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled——in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers,.

  What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized .

  In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service.

  43.It may be inferred that a European-style service______.

  A. is tipping-free   B. charges little tip

  C. is the author’s initiative   D. is offered at Per-se

  44. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author.

  A. Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.

  B. Waiters don’t care about tipping

  C. Customers generally believe in tipping.

  D. Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.

  45.According to Michael Lynn’s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they______

  A. have performed good service

  B. frequently refill customers’ water glass

  C. win customers’ favor

  D. serve customers of the same sex

  46.We may infer from the context that “upwelling”(Line 2, Para 6) probably means ________

  A. selling something up B. selling something fancy

  C. selling something unnecessary D. selling something more expensive

  47.What’s the author’s attitude towards tipping?

  A. cautious B. indifferent C. generous D. reasonable

  48. This passage is mainly about __________

  A. reasons to abolish the practice of tipping

  B. economic sense of tipping

  C. consumers’ attitudes towards tipping

  D. tipping for good service

  Passage Four

  “I promise.” “I swear to you it’ll never happen again.” “I give you my word.” “Honestly. Believe me.” Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity. I read my students’ essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism(剽窃)appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won’t detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student’s work with his or her name even if it’s missing from the upper left-hand corner.

  Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average(GPA)? When we’re threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. “If you let me pass math I will ….” “Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I’ll….” Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché(陈词滥调)to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not ?

  Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing. I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it I’d understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. “I promise…., I’m not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I’m just nervous today.”

  The head of the English department agreed with my finding, and the meeting with the dean had the boy’s parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy’s previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation(留校察看), the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, “He’s only a child” and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such…. Except in this uncomfortable circumstance.

  49. According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for_____. A.money B.degree C.higher GPA D.reputation

  50.How does the author know that his students are cheating?

  A. He insulted the students

  B. He compares the handwriting of his students’ signatures

  C. He knows the students’ writing style

  D. He discovers the missing names from the upper left-hand cover

  51.the sentence “ Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises’ implies that_________.

  A.students usually keep their promises

  B.some students tend to break their promises

  C.the promises are always behind the situation

  D.we cannot judge the situation in advance, as we do to the promises

  52.The “borderline passing”(Line 3,Para.3)probably means____________. A.fairly good B.extremely poor C.above average D.below average

  53.The boy’s parents thought their son should be excused mainly because_______________.

  A.teachers should be compassionate B.he was only a child

  C.instructors were wiser D.he was threatened

  54. Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?

  A.Human Nature B.Conditional Promises

  C.How to Detect Cheating D.The Sadness of Plagiarism

  Passage Five

  Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton. State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.

  “All I hear in higher education is, ‘Brand, brand, brand’ ” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”

  Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.

  Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of “haming structures.” “brand architecture” and “ identity systems,” the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logon (标 识), banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School.”

  Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State. Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco. The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.

  Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完 全 成 熟 的) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.

  Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average students’ test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman said.

  55. which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names? A They prefer higher education competition

  B They try to gain advantage in market share.

  C They want to project their image.

  D They hope to make some changes.

  56. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in highter education in the past decade is

  A the brand. B the college names C the concept of marketing D list of majors.

  57.The phrase "come up with"(Line 3 Para 4)probably means

  A catch up with B deal with C put forward D come to the realization

  58 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the university

  A is perceived by the society B hopes to expand its influence

  C prefers to reform its reaching programs D expects to enlarge its campus

  59.According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver College

  A turns out very successful B fails to attain its goal

  C has eliminated some jokes D has transformed its status

  60.What is the attitude of the author toward name change?

  A neutral B indifferent

  C suspicious D objective

  Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

  Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

  When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __61__ than male managers?

  Some research __62__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater cooperativeness, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __63__ to bring emotional factors to bear __64__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __65__ to carry advantages for companies __66__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to help the company manage its workforce __67__.

  A study commissioned by the international Women’s Forum __68__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that differs from the command and control style __69__ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women __70__ participation, share power and information, __71__ other people’s self-worth, and get others excited abort their work. All these __72__ reflect their belief that allowing women to contribute and to feel __73__ and important is a win-win situation—good for the employees and the organization.” The study’s director __74__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __75__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”

  61. A) committed B) confronted C) confined D) commanded

  62. A) despises B) supports C) opposes D) argues

  63. A) sensitivity B) willingness C) virtue D) loyalty

  64. A) by B) with C) in D) at

  65. A) seen B) revised C) watched D) disclosed

  66. A) because B) whereas C) nonetheless D) therefore

  67. A) effectively B) evidently C) precisely D) aggressively

  68. A) developed B) discovered C) located D) invented

  69. A) traditionally B) conditionally C) inherently D) occasionally

  70. A) engage B) dismiss C) encourage D) disapprove

  71. A) enlarge B) ignore C) degrade D) enhance

  72. A) things B) themes C) researches D) subjects

  73. A) circumstance B) powerful C) thoughtful D) faithful

  74. A) defied B) predicted C) diagnosed D) proclaimed

  75. A) as B) for C) into D) from

  试卷二 Paper Two

  (60 minutes)

  Part Ⅰ Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)

  Section A

  Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

  The first great rush of population to the far west was drawn to the mountainous regions, where gold was found in California in 1848, in Colorado and Nevada ten years later, in Montana and Wyoming in the l860s, and in the Black Hills of the Dakota country in the l870s. Miners opened up the country,established communities and laid the foundations for more permanent settlements. Yet even while digging in the hills, some settlers perceived the region’s farming and stock—raising possibilities. Eventually, though a few communities continued to be devoted almost exclusively to minimal, the real wealth of Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and California proved to be in the grass and soil.

  Section B

  Direction: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

  今天,我们在探索自己的发展道路时,坚持从中国国情出发,来解决如何进行经济政治文化建设的问题,而不照搬别国的'模式。在处理国际事务中,我们采取独立自主的立场和政策。中国人民珍惜同各国人民的友谊与合作,也珍惜自己经过长期奋斗而得来的独立自主权利。

  Part Ⅱ Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

  Directions: For this part you are to write a short essay entitled My View on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

  目前高校排名相当盛行

  对这种做法人们看法不一

  我认为……

  同等学力英语考试真题 2

  第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)

  第一节(共15分)

  阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

  I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!

  After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.

  When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.

  Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.

  But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”

  “Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”

  Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.

  The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.

  1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier

  2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat

  3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read

  4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing

  5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in

  6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning

  7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution

  8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead

  9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict

  10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence

  第二节(共15分)

  A

  阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

  Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.

  B

  阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

  Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.

  Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.

  C

  阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

  Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.

  第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)

  第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

  The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.

  To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).

  4-Week Learning Sprint

  The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.

  The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.

  After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.

  Requirements for the Applicants

  ?You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.

  ?You have completed your high school studies.

  ?You have at least one year of work experience.

  ?You have strong public speaking skills.

  ?You are self-motivated and committed.

  ?You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.

  ?You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).

  ?You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.

  21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.

  A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme

  C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project

  22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.

  A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel

  C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers

  23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?

  A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.

  C#FormatImgID_1# Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.

  Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.

  I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.

  So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.

  I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.

  When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.

  Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.

  24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?

  A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.

  25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.

  A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert

  C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work

  26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.

  A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing

  27. What can we learn from this passage?

  A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.

  C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.

  In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.

  It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.

  These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.

  As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.

  28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.

  A. draw a comparison

  B. introduce a topic

  C. evaluate a statement

  D. highlight a problem

  29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

  A#FormatImgID_2# Climate change has been forgotten.

  B. Lessons of history are highly valued.

  C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.

  D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.

  30. What does the author intend to tell us?

  A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.

  B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.

  C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.

  D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.

  What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.

  So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”

  As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.

  Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.

  Undefined and uncontrolled#FormatImgID_3# ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something:perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.

  31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .

  A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful

  32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

  A#FormatImgID_4# Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.

  33. What can we learn from this passage?

  A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.

  C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.

  34. Which would be the best title for the passage?

  A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?

  B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?

  C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?

  D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?

  第二节(共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的.七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

  It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____

  When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____

  Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.

  Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.

  ____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.

  What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.

  A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.

  B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.

  C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.

  D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.

  E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.

  F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.

  G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.

  第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)

  第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分,第(3)题3分,第(4)题5分,共12分)

  阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

  Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.

  Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.

  A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.

  Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.

  40. How are habits built?

  ________________________________________________________________

  41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?

  ________________________________________________________________

  42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

  Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.

  ________________________________________________________________

  43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)

  ________________________________________________________________

  第二节(20分)

  44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动,他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:

  (1)活动形式;

  (2)活动内容。

  注意:(1)词数100左右;

  (2)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

  Dear Jim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  Yours,Li Hua

【同等学力英语考试真题】相关文章:

同等学力英语考试真题05-20

同等学力英语考试真题10-26

同等学力英语考试(真题)08-21

同等学力英语考试真题11-12

同等学力英语考试(真题)08-15

同等学力英语考试真题09-19

同等学力英语考试真题(2)09-26

同等学力英语考试真题(4)07-06

同等学力英语考试真题及答案09-26

同等学力英语考试真题答案07-08