with的用法
With的定义:
With是个介词,基本的意思是“用”,但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型,在句子中起两种作用;副词与形容词。
With是一个十分有用的介词,其用法也比较复杂,以下用法值得注意:
1. 表示方式、手段或工具等时(=以,用),注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配,如“用英语”习惯上用in English,而不是with English。
2. 与某些抽象名词连用时,其作用相当于一个副词。如:
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with joy=joyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地
withease=easily 容易地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
3. 表示条件时,根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如:
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点,我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些,我们完成这项工作还要快些。
4. 比较with和as:两者均可表示“随着”,但前者是介词,后接名词或代词;后者是连词,用于引导一个句子。比较:
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长,他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了,人们的观念也会变化。
5. 复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构,它在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。如:
(1) with+宾语+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
(2) with+宾语+ 副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头 站在老师面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。
(3) with +宾语+ 介词短语
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。
The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。
(4) with+宾语+现在分词
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病, 我无法去度假。
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