庄子无为思想的教育意蕴

时间：2023-04-28 05:06:27 教育我要投稿

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庄子无为思想的教育意蕴

中文摘要

本研究的目的在于挖掘、分析与传统的儒家教育截然不同的，以

庄子无为思想的教育意蕴

至于被忽视甚至误解的庄子"无为"思想，并试图建构~个相对系统

的无为教育理论体系，并在此基础上，审视我国目前的学校教育，通

过对庄子"无为"思想的借鉴与反思，以期为我们今天学校教育在教

育内容、方法、手段、目标方面存在的问题，提供一种全新的理论视

野及启示。

庄子是我国古代自然主义教育的先驱。庄子认为当时的教育过多

的注重对受教育者的外在"作用"，而忽视了教育及受教育者自身的

特点与需要。在教育内容方面所提倡的仁义、忠信等知识，既能使人

乱性，也会使人引起争夺。在知识传授方面实行单纯的灌输，在教育

中过分强调了教育者的地位。在教育目标上更是趋向于取得实际功

用。针对教育中普遍存在的"有为"思想，庄子提出了"无为"的教

育主张。"道"是庄子思想的核心观念，本文试以庄子崇尚"自然"

的知识观出发，从道与自然、道与"有""无"、道与自由逐次递进的

关系出发，建构了一个系统的"无为"的教育理论体系，并以此为基

础提出了庄子无为教育思想的内涵：自然知识观、无为教学观和自由

人格论。

"无为"是实现个体自由、通达于道之境界的手段。"无为"就

是要让自然或事物按自己的规律去运动，而不要人为地去妄加干涉。

反映在教育上，即不妄为，在教育实践中遵循教育自身的规律和受教

育者自身的身心发展规律，因势利导，因性任物使其A然化育，A然

发展，自然完成。"无为"在教育学上的积极意义是明显的，不但给

现代教育中出现的某种程度的"强迫症"开了一剂良方，而且使我们

再次重新界定教育本质的问题，反思教育的本真。

本文共分五部分，第一部分是导论，简要介绍本文的选题原因，

所针对的主要问题及研究方法，并对已有的文献做研究综述，并对"无

为"进行了概念上的界定。第二部分围绕道与自然、道与"有""无"、

道与"游"的关系，阐述了庄子"无为"思想的哲学基础。第三部分

通过对认识的局限性以及知与智关系，阐明了庄子的自然知识观。第

四部分归纳了庄子在体道过程中对语言、技能及自身直觉体悟的独特

理解。第五部分论述了庄子的自由理想人格及其对理想教育目标的追

求。最后，通过对庄子所倡导的"无为"教育思想的评价，对当前教

育存在的"妄为''进行理性反思。

关键词：庄子；无为；教育

ABSTRACT This research tries to explore and analyse the ideas of¨Wu wei"of Chuang Tzu on education，which are completely different from those of traditional Confuciansm and are ignored and even misunderstood by the Previous researehes，and hopes to summarize them as arelatively systematic theoretical framework.Then，on the basis of this framework，

this research attempts to examine the current education in our country.

Refleet on its content and methods，SO as to find anew theoretic perspective and some enlightenment on solving such problems on education in schools.

Chuang Tzu is the precursor of naturalistic education.He believe that the education in that time is damaged by extrinsic factors，and at the expense of the needs and features on edcation and educatees.This contents of education advocated by the benevolence，faithful of such knowledge，both incited Original sin of people and will rise to fight another people.Imparting knowledge in the implementation of asimple indoctrination in educ ation，too much emphasis on the educator position.

Goals in education is also tend to achieve practical utility.For education，

prevalence of a"you-wei¨ideology.Chuang Tzu proposed the¨WU wei¨

education advocate.Taoism is the ideological core of the concept of Chuang Tzu，"Tao"as the basis ideals，from the¨Tao"and nature，

¨Tao¨with¨exist"and"nonexistence"，"Tao"and¨you"，the relationship between the departure，the system constructs an"wu wei"theory of education system and put forward the natural knowledge of the concept，

the teaching concept of inaction and free personality theory.

"Wu wei"is the way to for liberte individual and reach the realm of Tao.¨Wu wei¨is to make anatural or things according to the laws of their own movement，rather than artificially to make improper interference.In education，education theoretics and educational practice to follow its own laws and educated their own laws of physical and mental development，grasp this opportunity due to its natural genesis of any material，na tural development，natural completion."Wu wei¨in education on the positive significance is obvious，not only to appear in modern education，a degree of"obsessive-compulsive disorder，"opened arecipe，and SO we return to define the essence of education issues once again，and to reflect on education authentic.

This dissertation includes five parts，the first part is the Introduction，a brief description of the topics of the question，the main issues addressed and the research methodology，and review the existing research literature.The second part is based on the relationship with nature around the Tao，by understanding the limitations as well as the knowledge'S and the wisdom'S relations，explained Chuang Tzu'S view of natural knowledge.The third part is based on¨exist"and"nonexistence

"，summed up the process of approach Tao in language，skills and understanding through aunique understanding of their own.The fourth part，based on the relationship of Yao and the"You¨.between the start addresses Chuang Tzu'S ideal personality of its ideals and the pursuit of educational goals.The fifth part，is the reflection about¨Inaction"

theoretics on education and thinking on the current education in sch001.

Keywords：Chuang Tzu；Wu wei；education

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