考研英语：强化阶段阅读解题技巧
强化阶段——如果大家基础阶段一直坚持复习，那么强化阶段就要注重阅读技巧的总结和练习。能够针对考研英语阅读的各种题型：细节题、推理题、词义题、 例证题、主旨题、态度题总结实用的解题技巧，提升自己的正确率。而在所有阅读题型中，推理题是占第二大比例的题。推断题 分为细节推理题和段落推理题。今天我们着重讲解段落推理题的解题秘诀。
首先，段落推理题目题干中的标志词为infer,learn,imply, conclude, suggest, indicate等;以及段落标志词paragraph 3，the first paragraph, the first two paragraphs，当只有这两种词出现时，即可判定其为段落推理题。其次，推理题的常考出题点：1.段落首末句、主题句、观点句;2.与主题密切相关的细节;3、转折的地方;4.强调或者递进关系的地方。考研英语阅读中推理题通常为正反推理和归纳总结。最后，做题时考生还要记住以下几点：1、主题大于细节，观点大于论据;2、推理必须以原文为依据;3、特别关注转折，弄清转折前后内容的`逻辑关系。
推理题解题步骤如下：
首先，根据题干关键词，判断是否为段落推断题。段落推断题关键词为Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。
其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔细阅读该句。段落中心句往往是段落考察的重点，因此考生可以重点分析段落中心句。
最后，段落中心句和选项进行精确比对，直击答案。
下面以最近十年真题为例，为大家详细剖析段落推理题解题秘诀。
真题：2006年Text 2
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________。
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。
【直击答案】根据题干可知，本题为单段落推理题。本段有转折词however 和观点句the RSC contends, 这两句任选一句为段落中心句，或者两句联合理解，即可选出正确答案。However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. (看戏的人除了看戏还要进行一些观光。)It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants。(RSC认为，恰恰是看戏的人给小镇带了大多数的收入，因为他们他们过夜(有些人4到5天)向酒店和餐馆注入现金。两句都强调“看戏的人给小镇带来了大多数的收入”因此正确答案为B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers(看戏的人比观光的人花更多的钱)。
真题：2006年Text 2
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________。
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights。
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making。
【直击答案】根据题干可知，本题为双段落推理题。答案一般为第二段段落中心句。考生找到第二段段落中心句，即可找出题目答案。第二段是总分结构，因此首句为第二段段落中心句“The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue。(斯特拉特福德的居民怀疑剧院增加了他们的收入一分钱。)因此，可以推出选项A the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue(小镇居民否认剧院为小镇收入做出了贡献)为正确答案。
细节推理题解题步骤如下：
首先，根据题干关键词，判断是否为细节推理题。细节推理题，顾名思义，既具有细节题的特征，也具有推理题的特征。细节题的关键词为名词、动词、形容词。推理题关键词为Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。
其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔细阅读该句。由于细节推断题必定涉及到该段落的具体信息，而段落中心句往往是段落考察的重点，所以考生可以重点分析段落中心句。
最后，段落中心句和选项进行精确比对，直击答案。细节推断题的正确答案是一般为段落中心句的同义改写。因此，考生能否准确理解段落中心句是能否做对推理题的关键。
下面以2012年真题为例，为大家详细剖析推理题解题秘诀。
真题：2012年Text 1
24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors __________。
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizing it
[D]can produce negative health habits
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day。
【直击答案】根据题干our imitation of behaviors, Paragraph5, shows可知，本题为细节推断题。本段段落中心句为最后一句(特殊标点“冒号”)：“This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day。”(……我们下意识地模仿每天看到的行为)，可以判断选项C“(行为模仿)在我们没有意识到的情况下发生”是正确答案。选项A“不利于我们的朋友网络”，选项B“将误导行为研究”，和选项D“会产生不良健康习惯”，并未在本段提到。
真题：2012年Text 3
32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires _________。
[A] strict inspection [B] shared efforts
[C] individual wisdom [D] persistent innovation
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point。
【直击答案】根据题干credibility process requires, Paragraph 2, infer可知，本题为细节推断题。本段段落中心句为第三句(转折标志词but)：“But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery。”(但是要把声称发现转换到真正的科学发现需要共同的监察与认可)，可以判断选项B“共同努力”是正确答案，collective对应shared，efforts对应scrutiny and acceptance。选项A“严格的检查”，选项C“个人的智慧”和选项D“持续的创新”，并未在本段提到。
最后，提醒各位考生学会迅速找到段落中心，就能解决段落推理题，因为正确答案一般就是段落中心句的同义改写。
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