考研英语:语法

时间:2024-07-23 09:10:09 志彬 考研英语 我要投稿

考研英语:语法

  在我们平凡无奇的学生时代,很多人都经常追着老师们要知识点吧,知识点就是“让别人看完能理解”或者“通过练习我能掌握”的内容。掌握知识点有助于大家更好的学习。以下是小编为大家整理的考研英语:语法,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

考研英语:语法

  什么是副词

  副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:often往往,here这里,very很,quickly很快地。

  副词的构成

  1)本身就是副词,如now现在,there那里,rather颇。

  2)由形容词加词尾-1y变来,如firmly坚决地,happi1y幸福地。

  3)与形容词同形

  early adj.早的early adv.早

  high adj.高的high adv.高高地

  long adj.长的,长久的long adv.长久地

  副词的种类

  副词可分为下列几种:

  1)普通副词(ordinary adverb)如:together一起,well好,seriously认真地,slowly慢,carefully小心地。

  2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如:when何时,where何地,how如何,why为何。

  3)关系副词(relative adverb)如:where,when.

  4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如:then然后,so所以,there{ore所以,however然而,hence所以,thus这样,nevertheless然而,otherwise否则,still可是,仍然。

  副词的用法

  副词在句中可用作:

  1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)

  It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语,修饰动词is raining.)

  Dont drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词,作状语,修饰动词drive,副词too又修饰副词fast.)

  He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks,quite又修饰副词well.)

  This is a fairly useful tool,这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)

  He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped)

  She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词,修饰动词went.)

  Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词,用以修饰全句。)

  2)表语

  Is he up?他起床了没有?

  She is out.她出去了。

  3)定语

  Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)

  副词的位置

  1)修饰动词时,有三种位置。

  2)修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前。如:

  It is a rather difficult job,这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词difficult)

  He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast)

  3)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如:

  The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。

  On my way home,I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。

  副词的比较等级

  和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most.另外,须注意下面例词中well,badly的不规则变化。如:

  原级比较级最高级

  hard努力地harderhardest

  fast快faster fastest

  well好better best

  badly坏worseworst

  early早earlier earliest

  quickly快more quicklymost quickly

  happily快乐地more happily most happily

  副词比较等级的用法

  1)副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似。如:

  David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。

  She plays table tennis better than I.她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略了play table tennis)

  Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。

  They speak less fluently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如我们流利,但比我们正确。

  2)副词最高级用法,除副词前可以不用the外(用the也可以),其余与形容词最高级相同。如:

  I work fastest when Im under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。

  He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。

  比较等级的一些特殊用法

  两种不同形式

  有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式,而且意义也不同。

  举例说明:

  1)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world.罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。

  Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女儿是个教员。

  My elder brother is in college. He is two years older than I.我哥哥在上大学,他比我大两岁。

  注:older,oldest说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远,但在美国英语里也表示长幼。

  2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。

  Twenty years later he returned to his home village.二十年后,他回到自己的家乡。

  3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?

  What is the latest news about the sports meet?关于运动会最近有什么消息?

  as……as;not so. . .as或not as……as

  1)表示“相等”用as……as.

  2)表示“不相等”用not so……as或not as……as.如:

  1)This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。

  Bill is as tall as I.比尔和我一般高。

  Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one?这袋大豆跟那袋一样重吗?

  You know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。

  注:注意as后面的形容词如作定语,而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时,冠词a须放在形容词之后,如German is as difficult a language as English.(德语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于so,如I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)

  2)tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。

  The Atlantic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。

  表示“几倍于”

  用twice (两倍),three times(三倍)等加as……as……

  如:

  New York is ten times as big as my home town.纽约有我的家乡十个大。

  The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。

  This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。

  Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

  注:表示“几倍于”也可以用下面的说法,如:

  Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。

  He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。

  This lake is four times the size of that one.这个湖有那个湖四个大。

  The irrigated area in this province is four times bigger than in l978.这个省的灌溉面积比1978年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)

  Our countys agricultural output this year is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。

  表示程度

  可用much,far,still,even,a 1itt1e,no,any,a great deal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:

  The Yellow River is long,but the Changjiang River is even longer.黄河长,长江更长。

  We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。

  She sings far better than the others.她唱得比别人好得多。

  Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang.王比张高,李比王还高。

  注一:注意下面的一些说法。如:

  I couldnt move a step further,我连一步也走不动了。

  The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。

  He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说He is taller than me by a head.)

  They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes.他们比我们早二十分钟到达那里。

  The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since l978.

  这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。

  Do you want any more? -Yes,give me two more.

  你还要吗?一是的,再给我两个。

  Have you any more tickets? -Sorry,I have no more.

  你还有票吗? -对不起,没有了。

  注二:可用形容词最高级+ possible或imaginable等词来强调语气。如:

  I think he is the best possible man for the job.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说the best man possibl

  考研英语语法汇总

  宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,并有一个连接词引导。引导宾语从句的连接词分类:

  (一)从属连词

  连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether。

  1、that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如:

  Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.

  Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.

  He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.

  2、if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。例如:

  I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

  我不知道是否还会有公交车。

  Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

  没有人知道他是否会通过考试。

  3、注意已下情况只用whether,不用if。

  1) whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。例如:

  Let me know whether you can come or not. (√ )

  Let me know if you can come or not. (×)

  2)当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。例如:

  Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. (√ )

  If it is true or not, I can’t tell. (×)

  3) whether可以引导带to的不定式。例如:

  I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. (√ )

  I don’t know if to accept or refuse. (×)

  4)whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。例如:

  I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. (√ )

  I worry about if I hurt her feelings. (×)

  (二)连接代词

  连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever, whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。例如:

  Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

  你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么?

  The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

  这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。

  Have you determined whichever you should buy, an iphone or a samsung cell phone?

  你决定好是买苹果还是三星手机了吗?

  (三)连接副词

  连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例如:

  He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

  他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。

  Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

  你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

  None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。

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考研英语:语法

  在我们平凡无奇的学生时代,很多人都经常追着老师们要知识点吧,知识点就是“让别人看完能理解”或者“通过练习我能掌握”的内容。掌握知识点有助于大家更好的学习。以下是小编为大家整理的考研英语:语法,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

考研英语:语法

  什么是副词

  副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:often往往,here这里,very很,quickly很快地。

  副词的构成

  1)本身就是副词,如now现在,there那里,rather颇。

  2)由形容词加词尾-1y变来,如firmly坚决地,happi1y幸福地。

  3)与形容词同形

  early adj.早的early adv.早

  high adj.高的high adv.高高地

  long adj.长的,长久的long adv.长久地

  副词的种类

  副词可分为下列几种:

  1)普通副词(ordinary adverb)如:together一起,well好,seriously认真地,slowly慢,carefully小心地。

  2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如:when何时,where何地,how如何,why为何。

  3)关系副词(relative adverb)如:where,when.

  4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如:then然后,so所以,there{ore所以,however然而,hence所以,thus这样,nevertheless然而,otherwise否则,still可是,仍然。

  副词的用法

  副词在句中可用作:

  1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)

  It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语,修饰动词is raining.)

  Dont drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词,作状语,修饰动词drive,副词too又修饰副词fast.)

  He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks,quite又修饰副词well.)

  This is a fairly useful tool,这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)

  He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped)

  She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词,修饰动词went.)

  Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词,用以修饰全句。)

  2)表语

  Is he up?他起床了没有?

  She is out.她出去了。

  3)定语

  Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)

  副词的位置

  1)修饰动词时,有三种位置。

  2)修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前。如:

  It is a rather difficult job,这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词difficult)

  He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast)

  3)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如:

  The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。

  On my way home,I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。

  副词的比较等级

  和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most.另外,须注意下面例词中well,badly的不规则变化。如:

  原级比较级最高级

  hard努力地harderhardest

  fast快faster fastest

  well好better best

  badly坏worseworst

  early早earlier earliest

  quickly快more quicklymost quickly

  happily快乐地more happily most happily

  副词比较等级的用法

  1)副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似。如:

  David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。

  She plays table tennis better than I.她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略了play table tennis)

  Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。

  They speak less fluently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如我们流利,但比我们正确。

  2)副词最高级用法,除副词前可以不用the外(用the也可以),其余与形容词最高级相同。如:

  I work fastest when Im under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。

  He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。

  比较等级的一些特殊用法

  两种不同形式

  有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式,而且意义也不同。

  举例说明:

  1)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world.罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。

  Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女儿是个教员。

  My elder brother is in college. He is two years older than I.我哥哥在上大学,他比我大两岁。

  注:older,oldest说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远,但在美国英语里也表示长幼。

  2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。

  Twenty years later he returned to his home village.二十年后,他回到自己的家乡。

  3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?

  What is the latest news about the sports meet?关于运动会最近有什么消息?

  as……as;not so. . .as或not as……as

  1)表示“相等”用as……as.

  2)表示“不相等”用not so……as或not as……as.如:

  1)This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。

  Bill is as tall as I.比尔和我一般高。

  Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one?这袋大豆跟那袋一样重吗?

  You know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。

  注:注意as后面的形容词如作定语,而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时,冠词a须放在形容词之后,如German is as difficult a language as English.(德语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于so,如I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)

  2)tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。

  The Atlantic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。

  表示“几倍于”

  用twice (两倍),three times(三倍)等加as……as……

  如:

  New York is ten times as big as my home town.纽约有我的家乡十个大。

  The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。

  This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。

  Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

  注:表示“几倍于”也可以用下面的说法,如:

  Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。

  He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。

  This lake is four times the size of that one.这个湖有那个湖四个大。

  The irrigated area in this province is four times bigger than in l978.这个省的灌溉面积比1978年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)

  Our countys agricultural output this year is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。

  表示程度

  可用much,far,still,even,a 1itt1e,no,any,a great deal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:

  The Yellow River is long,but the Changjiang River is even longer.黄河长,长江更长。

  We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。

  She sings far better than the others.她唱得比别人好得多。

  Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang.王比张高,李比王还高。

  注一:注意下面的一些说法。如:

  I couldnt move a step further,我连一步也走不动了。

  The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。

  He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说He is taller than me by a head.)

  They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes.他们比我们早二十分钟到达那里。

  The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since l978.

  这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。

  Do you want any more? -Yes,give me two more.

  你还要吗?一是的,再给我两个。

  Have you any more tickets? -Sorry,I have no more.

  你还有票吗? -对不起,没有了。

  注二:可用形容词最高级+ possible或imaginable等词来强调语气。如:

  I think he is the best possible man for the job.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说the best man possibl

  考研英语语法汇总

  宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,并有一个连接词引导。引导宾语从句的连接词分类:

  (一)从属连词

  连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether。

  1、that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如:

  Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.

  Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.

  He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.

  2、if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。例如:

  I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

  我不知道是否还会有公交车。

  Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

  没有人知道他是否会通过考试。

  3、注意已下情况只用whether,不用if。

  1) whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。例如:

  Let me know whether you can come or not. (√ )

  Let me know if you can come or not. (×)

  2)当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。例如:

  Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. (√ )

  If it is true or not, I can’t tell. (×)

  3) whether可以引导带to的不定式。例如:

  I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. (√ )

  I don’t know if to accept or refuse. (×)

  4)whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。例如:

  I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. (√ )

  I worry about if I hurt her feelings. (×)

  (二)连接代词

  连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever, whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。例如:

  Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

  你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么?

  The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

  这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。

  Have you determined whichever you should buy, an iphone or a samsung cell phone?

  你决定好是买苹果还是三星手机了吗?

  (三)连接副词

  连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例如:

  He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

  他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。

  Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

  你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

  None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。