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考研英语二作文真题深度解析
写作题型依然延续了一贯的考查方式:应用文+图表作文,非常符合英语二专硕的考查要求。但是具体来说,今年英语二的写作在考查难度上偏难,原因大部分在于考查内容出乎很多老师的预料,也就说有些偏离一贯的考查重点,因此,在之前的复习过程中很多同学并没有将之作为重点内容来复习。那么接下来就看一下2015年英语(二)的大作文到底考了哪些内容?对此又应该如何应对呢?
考研英语二作文真题深度解析 1
Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
我国某市居民春节假期花销比例
今年大作文依然考图表作文,文字规定部分只字未变,但是图表却发生了很大的改变。从2010年到2014年,英语二大作文考了4次柱形图、1次表格,但是从未考过饼图,由此不少老师认为大作文不太可能考饼图,但是今年恰恰考的就是饼图,这也就给大家的答题带来了难度。其实,仔细看一下,如表格一样,饼图反映的其实很大一部分就是各个部分之间的差异性,因此在写作时可以大部分借鉴表格的写作方法。除此之外饼图本身还反映了事物整体与部分之间的关系, 因此在应用表格描述方式时需要进行适当的调整,但是变化不大。
根据考前所讲,英语二中图表作文分成三段内容来写。
第一段:描述图表。根据之前所讲表格写作思路,整段内容包含5句话,直观评价、图表主题、主流趋势、最大差异、过渡句。
1. 直观评价。本句比较简单,可以直接用准备的句型,Here is a chart, simple but accurate.
2. 图表主题。先将“我国某市居民春节假期花销比例”译成英语,根据倒鱼钩翻译法,可译成the proportions of the Spring Festival‘s expense of the residents in a certain city in China.再套用课上所讲句型,即成It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival’s expense of the residents in a certain city in China, which successfully arouses our curiosity.
3. 主流趋势。在饼图中,主流趋势指的就是事物的整体与部分的关系,也就是其整体体现。在本题中,表现为“全部花销花在了各种各样不同的东西上面”。由此,套用固定句型,即是As is clearly reflected by the graph, the expense has been spent on totally different things.
4. 最大差异。饼图中此句指的就是部分与整体的关系,也就是每个部分占了整体多少比例。而且在这些比例中往往会存在最大值或最小值,那么这就是该部分与其他部分之间的差异性。本题中体现为用在“新年礼物”上面的花销占比最大,为40%.那么可以表达为Especially, the money used to buy the New Year‘s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense, which already outweighs all the others.
5. 过渡句。此句的作用就是总结第一段,铺垫第二段,可以直接用固定句型Definitely, what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.
以上就是该题第一段的写作思路及语言表达,接下来看第二段。第二段中需要对于第一段中的最大差异这一现象进行原因分析,那么按照之前所讲需要包含关键句和具体原因两部分。
首先,关键句。在这一部分,需要具体点明原因分析的'对象,也就是第一段话中的第四句,但是需要注意的是不要全句照抄,而要将意思再用不同的语言表述出来。那么套用固定句即成Theoretically, several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival, but as for my part, the following two are of great value.
其次,具体原因。对于春节期间人们更乐意将钱花在购买新年礼物上这一现象,其原因很多,包括春节在中国节日里面的重要性促使人们回家时购买大量礼物,以及春节期间各种礼物广告的泛滥变相鼓励了人们去花钱等等,当然还有其他的一些原因,大家可以自由发挥,只要合情合理即可。但是要注意:考虑到语言多样性的评分标准,写作时不可只用简单的单词或短语来衔接列举原因,因此可以用句子来列举,具体如下:On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged, though not justified, by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.
以上是第二段的主要内容,接下来继续看第三段。
第三段中主要就上面分析的这一现象进行趋势预测,那么很明显在接下来的很长一段时间里春节期间人们都会花大量地钱来为身边的亲人、朋友购买新年礼物,这种形式将会持续下去。因此,按照之前准备的固定句型,可用Taking into account what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the present situation concisely conveyed by the pie chart will sustain in the forthcoming years.
整合以上所讲,今年的大作文写作可如下:
Here is a pie chart, simple but accurate. It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival‘s expense of the residents in a certain city in China, which successfully arouses our curiosity. As is clearly reflected by the graph, the expense has been spent on totally different things. Especially, the money used to buy the New Year’s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense, which already outweighs all the others. Definitely, what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.
Theoretically, several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival, but as for my part, the following two are of great value. On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged, though not justified, by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.
Taking into account what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the present situation concisely conveyed by the pie chart will sustain in the forthcoming years.
考研英语二作文真题深度解析 2
第一段
①That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.
②But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There’s never any time to read.
翻译译文:
现在人人都太忙,这是老生常谈。但是,一个具体而又极其悲哀的抱怨是:根本没时间阅读。
第二段
①What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.
②The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times”
③But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work.
④Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.
⑤The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”.
⑥Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
翻译译文:
使这一问题更加棘手的是,那些常规的时间管理技巧似乎并不奏效。网上有很多介绍“腾出时间阅读”小窍门的文章,比如“不看电视”、“身边随时带一本书”。但根据我的经验,采用这些窍门挤出个30来分钟并没什么用。坐下来认真阅读却发现与工作相关的思绪飞轮始终转个不停——要不就是极度疲惫,以至于阅读一本有挑战的书成为你最不想去做的事。小说家兼评论家蒂姆·帕克斯写道:现代人的大脑“非常愿意交流飞....不是被打断这么简单,而是人们真的愿意中断。”深度阅读需要的不只是时间,而是一种特殊的时间,这种时间仅仅靠提高效率是无法得到的。
第三段
①In fact,“becoming more efficient” is part of the problem.
②Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.
③Immersivereading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.
④Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind.
⑤“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”.
⑥No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
翻译译文:
事实上,“变得更加高效”是问题的一部分。把时间看作一种要最大限度利用的资源意味着你功利性地对待时间:认为每一刻都应该充分利用起来以使其向着某一既定目标迈进。相形之下,沉浸式阅读需要人们愿意承担低效率、无目标、甚至浪费时间的风险。将之插放在任务清单里只能进行目标集中式阅读———-有时候有用,但是并非是最令人满足的阅读方式。“未来就像永不停歇、永无止境传送带上的空瓶子一样向我们走来”,盖瑞·埃伯利在他《神圣的时间》一书中写道:“随着时间的流逝,我们要把这些不同大小的瓶子(天,小时,分钟)装满,对此我们倍感压力,因为如果它们没有被装满就过去了的话,我们就是浪费了时间。”没有什么思维模式(比这种思维模式)更不利于沉浸在书本中了。
第四段
①So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.
②You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”.
③You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.
④“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.
⑤On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading,and making time for everything else.
翻译译文:
那什么才起作用呢?安排固定时间阅读,这也许出人意料。你或许认为这可能会加剧“效率至上”的思维倾向,但实际上,埃伯利指出,这种例行行为帮助我们“从时间的流逝中走出来”,进入“灵魂时间”。你可以通过只阅读纸质书或在只有单一功能的电子阅读器上阅读来减少干扰。“随时随身携带一本书”其实也可行——如果你能够频繁地沉入其中,这样阅读就成了你的默认状态,从中你可以暂时脱离开来处理工作,然后再沉浸进去。在一个着实美好的日子里,你不会再感觉像是在“挤时间阅读”,而是仅仅在阅读,并且是要挤时间去做其他事。
试卷习题
1. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because_______
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
翻译:
常规的时间管理技巧不起作用的原因是_______
[A]它们所提供的东西不能使现代人放松
[B]具有挑战性的书需要的是反复阅读
[C]人们经常忘记的是随身携带一本书
[D]深度阅读所需要的无法得到保证
翻译解析:
[定位]由题干中的the usual time-management techniques定位至第二段。③句指出:这些方法(即上述时间管理技巧)都不可行;随后阐释原因,⑥句总结根本原因:实现深度阅读需要的不只是“(普通)时间”,而是一种仅凭提高效率无法获得的“特殊时间”,也就是说,常规的时间管理技巧虽然有助于提高效率,但这样挤出来的时间有别于“特殊时间”,不能满足深度阅读所需,因此[D]正确。
[解密]正确项[D] 是对第二段末句的合理概括, can not be guaranteed对应句中cant be obtained merely by...;题干the usual time-management techniques与句中becoming more efficient对应。
[A] 把④句中的youreso exhausted和⑤句中The modern mind糅杂, 在“技巧不能让现代人的精神放松”VS“技巧不顶用”之间强加因果关联,但文中“常常疲惫不堪无暇阅读”是当前快节奏生活下人们的客观状况, 并非技巧导致。[B] 从④句提到的a challenging book与②句Carry a book with you at all times臆断出“具有挑战性的书籍需要反复阅读”;但文中提及“具有挑战性的'书”是对比“现代人常常疲惫不堪”而言, 旨在强调人们虽然想沉下心阅读, 但往往心有余力不足。[C] 利用②句Carry a book with you at all times设置反向干扰, 该内容是对常见时间管理技巧的举例, 不能从中推知“人们总是忘记携带书籍”。
2. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to______
[A] their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
翻译:
“空瓶子”的隐喻表明人们对于______感到有压力。
[A]更新他们的任务清单
[B]让流逝的时间充盈起来
[C]完成他们的计划
[D]追求无忧无虑的阅读
翻译解析:
[定位]由题干中的“empty bottles”定位至第三段。⑤句首先介绍“空瓶子”的隐喻:“未来”好比“沿着传送带不断向我们运来的空瓶子”;继而说明现代人的心态:迫切地想把这些(象征“时间”的)瓶子装满,否则就是虚度光阴,也即,人们每天都因“想把时间安排得满满当当”而备受压力,[B]选项正确。
[解密][B]正确体现了作者“把时间比作空瓶子”的写作目的:说明现代人“压力巨大,生怕浪费一分一秒”的心态。people feel a pressure to make passing time fulfilling与文中“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days, hours, minutes) as they pass”相对应。
[A] 利用④句中a to-do list item和manage only...编造出“人们的任务清单不够完善”;[C] 利用③句inefficiency、goal lessness、time-wasting和④句a to-do list、manage only...编造出“人们因低效而常常搞不定自己的计划”;但该句重心不在于两项所聚焦的“清单(to-do list) ”或“计划(plan) ”, 而在于说明人们“(在清单中) 插空读书”的效果:只能实现“目的性”阅读而已。[D] 利用③句Immersive reading...being willing to risk inefficiency, goal lessness, even time-wasting编造出“人们苦于无法毫无顾虑、自由自在地读书”,但该句是在客观说明“沉浸式阅读的本质”,与空瓶子比喻无关。
3. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps_______
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
翻译:
埃伯利赞同安排固定时间段阅读有助于______
[A]激励效率至上的思维模式
[B]培养在线阅读的习惯京
[C]促进例行性阅读
[D]实现沉浸式阅读
翻译解析:
[定位]根据题干中scheduling regular times for reading定位至第四段。首句提出问题:究竟怎样的时间管理方式对阅读来说才有效?随后作答:为阅读安排固定时间段。③句借Eberle观点说明这样行事(such ritualistic behaviour指“固定时间阅读”) 的作用:有助于人们挣脱“时间的流逝”, 进人“灵魂时间”,联系第三段③至⑤句即为:不再为浪费时间而惶恐,实现纯粹的沉浸式阅读,因此[D]正确。
[解密]题干+正确项[D]是综合第二段⑥句、第三段以及第四段②③句得出的结论,体现全文主旨。选项中immersive reading等同于第二段⑥句的Deep reading, 复现第三段③句immersive reading, 均与第四段③句soul time相对应。
[A] 根据③句Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set设置障碍, 但该内容为“让步”逻辑, 表明惯常看法, 旨在引出Eberle的不同观点。[B] 对④句对“克服阅读分心”的建议“只读纸质书或使用单一功能的电子阅读器”断章取义,并将其偷换成了“安排固定时间段阅读的作用”。[C]利用③句such ritualistic behaviour设置干扰, 从常识上来看, “安排固定时间段阅读”确实能够促进“例行性(即习惯性) 阅读”, 但该内容并非Ebor le在文中所提及的观点。
4. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if _______
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
翻译:
如果_______“始终随身携带一本书”会起作用。
[A]阅读成为你一天当中的首要事务
[B]所有的日常事务都已得到立即处理
[C]你能够在阅读之后返回到工作中去
[D]时间可以平均分配给阅读和工作
翻译解析:
[定位]根据题干可定位至第四段⑤句,句中破折号引出“随身携带一本书”起作用的条件(providing作连词, 意为“如果”) :能经常沉浸于书中, 阅读成为默认状态, 而其他事务则变为附带, 也即,阅读成为高于其他事务的首要事务,[A]正确。
[解密]题干+正确项[A] 是对⑤句的概括, 其中can work f...对应原文can actually work, too-providing...;选项reading becomes your primary business提炼文中becomes the default state from which....
[B]把⑤句“短暂地浮出水面处理事务”偷换为“所有日常事务得到立即处理”。[C]颠倒关系,将⑤句中“处理完事务返回阅读(before dropping back down) ”偷换为“阅读之后返回工作(drop back to business) ”[D] 中“在阅读和事务上平均分配时间(evenly split) ”与原文的强调“阅读为主, 其他为辅”相矛盾。
5. The best title for this text could be_______
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
翻译:
本文最佳标题可能是_______
[A]如何享受轻松阅读
[B]如何找时间阅读
[C]如何设定阅读目标
[D]如何广泛阅读
翻译解析:
[定位]第一段提出问题:如今人们总抱怨没有时间阅读。第二、三段分析问题:阐释常见时间管理技巧在阅读上不可行的根本原因。第四段提出建议:安排固定时间段来阅读,把阅读当作“主业”,其他事务当作“副业”。可见全文针对“现代人烦恼没有时间阅读”提出可行性办法,[B]正确。
[解密]文章标题体现全文主旨,应涉及文章探讨的主要对象,涵盖全文主题。本文主题包含两个关键信息——阅读、时间,[B]包含这两个信息,并完美涵盖了主题。[A]、[C]、[D]均未体现文中的关键信息之一-时间, 且enjoy、reading goals从文中细枝末节中捕风捉影, extensively在文中并无体现。
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