考研英语长难句基础翻译练习

时间:2022-12-11 19:13:12 考研英语 我要投稿

2022考研英语长难句基础翻译练习

  阅读是考研英语中重要的得分点和难点,对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解,也是学习语法,积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。而考研英语真题阅读部分均选自Economists、New Yorker等著名外文报纸及杂志,其行文和词汇原汁原味,值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。为了帮助大家更好的掌握考研英语翻译技巧,考研教育网编辑团队做如下总结,希望对大家有所帮助!

2022考研英语长难句基础翻译练习

  2022考研英语长难句基础翻译练习

  第一句:

  Markets have lost faith that the euro zone‘s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. (2011. 阅读。 Text 4)

  【译文】人们曾相信,欧元区经济体,无论弱国或强国,只要本着使用统一货币的原则,就能避免了那些缺乏竞争力的国家采取货币贬值这一权宜之计,就能有朝一日实现统一。如今市场已经丧失了这种信念。

  【析句】多重复合句,主句为Markets have lost faith,faith后紧跟that引导宾语从句,从句的主句是the euro zones economies will converge thanks to……,逗号后是which引导定语从句修饰the discipline of……。注意,从句中的weaker or stronger作插入语,而thanks to是介词结构。

  第二句:

  It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. (2011. 阅读。 Text 4)

  【译文】德国主张经济合作应该包括所有27个欧盟成员国。但欧盟中有一半多一点的国家信奉自由市场主义和严格的经济政策。就欧盟核心成员国而言,德国担心上述国家会支持法国的干预。

  【析句】多重复合句,句子的重点放在insists后的宾语从句上。从分号可以看出,从句有两个分句构成,前者的主句为economic co-ordination should involve……the EU club, among whom介词+先行词引导定语从句,whom指代the EU club;第二个分句的主干为German fears a small majority favour……,fears后是省略了that的宾语从句。

  第三句:

  It is stuck because the euro zone‘s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies. (2011. 阅读。 Text 4)

  【析句】陷入僵局原因在于,欧元区的两大主导力量-法国和德国一致同意有必要在欧元区内实现更大的协调统一,但在对哪些方面进行协调统一这个问题上又存在分歧。

  【析句】多重复合句,主句很简短It is stuck,重点在because引导原因状语从句,从句的主句为the euro zones dominant powers agree on……but disagree about……。英语句子中,当前后两个动作的主语相同,第二个动作可省略主语,使行文更简洁,衔接更紧凑。

  第四句:

  The relationship between humans and the land we live on has evolved over hundreds of years, but no period has involved such rapid change as the past century ,when we began using land in new ways..

  首先,解句子第一步先解决掉里面的生词

  evolve v.发展

  period n. 时期

  rapid adj.迅速的

  century n. 世纪

  那接下来咱们第二步该做什么呢?对于这种长难句,难点之一就在于它太长了,所以为了方便理解,接下来我们就应该去对它进行断句,当然断句并不是按照我们想当然来断句的而是有一定得标志,所以第一步即是找标志,段长句,其中存在的非常天然的一个标志即是标点,然后连词,最后短语,并且断句还需要满足一个长度适中,结构完整的原则,长度适中帮助我们较轻松的理解句子,结构完整帮助我们正确的理解。那么先看我们这句子里面没有逗号,然后考虑连词或者短语,连词断句又要注意是在连词构成的从句的开始还是结尾处断。所以可以断句为:

  ①The relationship between humans and the land we live on /②has evolved over hundreds of years, /③but no period has involved such rapid change as the past century/ ,④when we began using land in new ways.

  首先,两个逗号处可以断句,但断完后第一个逗号前还是比较长,在哪儿断呢?我们找找从属连词,发现没有,那这个时候就考查同学们定语从句的识别了,land 和we 之间没有修饰关系,而且we后还有一个动词live,那这个时候其实就是land 和we之间省略了that,和后面的live on 构成从句修饰land,那么我们就能在从句结束处on后断句,前面的长度就合适了。

  接下来就要。抓主干,识从句。①between...and短语修饰relationship放在它的前面,另外we live on是省略that的定语从句修饰land,也需要放在land 前,②句,谓语动词has evolved,时间状语over hundreds of years;③句,no period主语,has involved谓语动词,such rapid change宾语,as the past century比较状语;④when we began using land in new ways,作为定语修饰century,从句内we主语,began using谓语,land宾语,in new ways方式状语,第三步,调语序,这句话的意思就是:

  人类与我们所居住的这片土地之间的关系已经发展了成千上万年了,但是没有哪个时期像上世纪那样发生如此巨大的变化,在上世纪我妈们开始以新的方式使用土地。

  第五句:

  As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.

  重难点词汇点拨:

  断句:①As a discovery claim works its way through the community, // ②the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved //③transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. (标点断句:逗号;短语断句)

  语法分析:句子①中,as时间状语从句, 从句中主语为 a discovery claim,谓语为 works,宾语为way,through the community为从句状语。部分②为主句主语,核心部分为并列结构the interaction and confrontation,between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved 为接续的两个介词短语作定语修饰the interaction and confrontation。③主要为主句的谓语及宾语部分,谓语为transforms...into...,把...转变成...。

  难点分析:从词汇上来看,该句当中涉及到的单词难度都不低,大多属于考研核心词汇,所以完全理解这句话要求有一定的词汇量储备;从语法角度上看,该句的语法结构并不十分复杂,主要涉及到的语法点为as引导的时间状语从句,介词短语做后置定语,以及并列结构。

  核心词汇在备考过程中,不同于基础词汇,需掌握尽量多的词义以及熟词僻义,核心词备考的重点在于识记核心词的核心含义。

  as作为状语从句的从属连词,意义还是比较多的。比如让步状语从句的尽管,原因状语从句的因为,方式状语从句的正如,时间状语从句的当,需根据语义判断。本句中as引导的为时间状语从句,理解成“当”或者“随着”。

  The interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved核心为并列结构the interaction and confrontation, between shared and competing beliefs介词短语修饰并列结构,about the science and the technology involved介词短语修饰beliefs。理解上按照从后往前的顺序进行。

  主句主语为并列结构,并列结构主要的特点为结构相似,成分相同。

  翻译:当一个发现声明在该领域中取得成功时,关于科技共有或竞争信念之间的交流和对抗使得一个个人发现声明转变成了该领域内可靠的发现声明。

  第六句:

  The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.(2010 text 1)

  针对这类句子,同学们首先得把一整个长句断为自己能够理解的小结构,断句的依据可以是标点符号,例如逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等;也可以找到句子中的连词,包括并列连词和从属连词,根据并列句/并列结构,或者是从句进行断句;如果实在不行,同学们还可以找出文中的短语进行断句。下面我们就一起来练习利用以上断句的标志来断本句。

  The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—//Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—//had invested hundreds of millions of dollars// finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives //that corporations could use to introduce new routines.(2010 text 1)

  紧接着,让我们一起来分析一下这个句子的成分。该句中,主干部分为“The companies had invested hundreds of millions of dollars”。剩下的“that Dr. Curtis turned to ” 为定语从句,修饰companies;“—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever”则为插入语,指的是前文中的“companies”; finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives ”做结果状语;“that corporations could use to introduce new routines”为定语从句,修饰“the subtle cues”。

  在本句中,定语从句是翻译的重点,是针对定语从句,给大家介绍“大8小8”翻译技巧:我们根据以往的翻译经验,以8为一个界限,当定语从句的词数小于8个词,把定语从句翻译到其修饰的名词之前,加上一个“的”;而当定语从句大于8词时,则把定语从句进行顺译,将其从属连词翻译成代词“这,这些”等。当然,也可以根据实际枪框灵活应用这个翻译技巧。所以下面,我们一起来看看本文中重点单词以及翻译:

  单词:

  Turn to 转向;求助

  Procter & Gamble 宝洁

  Colgate-Palmolive 高露洁

  Unilever联合利华

  Subtle 细微的;微妙的

  Cue线索

  Consumer 消费者

  Routine 生活习惯

  根据以上翻译方法和单词,整个句子翻译如下:

  Curtis博士求助的公司—宝洁、高露洁和联合利华—已经投资了数亿美元,用来挖掘消费者生活中细微的线索,这些线索是公司可以用来引进新的生活习惯的。

  理解长难句需要恒心和耐心,一点点去积累和提升,希望同学们能坚持每天去练习、理解长难句,帮助大家早日攻克考研英语这个难关!

  第七句:

  Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure guaranteed to damage our health.

  句子主干:the food police are determined。(主语+谓语+宾语)

  修饰成分:Yet as we report now是定语从句;that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure是宾语从句;guaranteed to damage our health是后置定语,修饰pleasure。

  翻译:然而,正如我们现在所报道的,食品监管局确信这种乐趣又是另一种必定会损害我们健康的“罪恶的”快乐。

  第八句:

  The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures.

  句子主干:The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning(主语+谓语+宾语)。

  修饰成分: about the risks of a compound called acrylamide是后置定语,修饰warning;that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures定语从句,修饰acrylamide。

  翻译:食品标准局(FSA)已就一种被称为丙烯酰胺的化合物带来的风险发出公开警告,这种化合物会在一些食物高温烹饪过程中形成。

  第九句:

  The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

  句子主干: The Dutch giant Elsevier made profits of more than 900m last year; UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016; both figures seem to rise unstoppably(三句话并列)。

  修饰成分:which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than 900m last year定语从句,修饰Elsevier; to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research目的状语;despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them让步状语。

  翻译:荷兰科学出版巨头Elsevier声称出版了全球25%的科学论文,去年利润超过9亿英镑,而仅英国的大学2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑以使研究者能访问他们自己的公共资助研究成果;尽管人们越来越迫切地试图改变,但这两个数字似乎还在不断上升。

  第十句:

  The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

  句子主干:The success of Sci-Hub shows(主语+谓语)。

  修饰成分:which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed定语从句,修饰the success of Sci-Hub;the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed宾语从句;so that it works for all participants结果状语从句。

  翻译:Sci-Hub的成功依赖于研究人员可以传播他们自己合法获取的副本,这表明合法的科学出版生态系统已经在用户中失去了公正合理性,所以必须得到改变以服务所有参与者。

  第十一句:

  The charter’ s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.

  重点单词词组:

  Charter:宪章

  Enforcement:加强,执行

  Deny:否认 反义词acknowledge

  Access:进入

  Copenhagen Fashion Week:哥本哈根时装周

  Danish Fashion Institute:丹麦时装协会

  语法知识:本句话主干

  The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access+ which定语从句

  可进一步根据核心名词缩减为 Tool is to deny access+ which 定语从句

  翻译:该宪章主要的执行手段是拒绝设计师和模特儿经纪公司进入由丹麦时装协会举办的哥本哈根时装周。

  第十二句:

  While polls show Britain rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare, and the National Health Service as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

  重点单词词组:

  Poll:民意调查

  Royal:皇室的

  Shakespeare:莎士比亚

  National Health Service:国民医疗服务制度

  扩展:world health organization 世界卫生组织

  语法知识:本句话主干: this has limited political support。

  难点在于while 引导的让步状语从句中有一个固定词组 rate...as(把...看作)

  和四个并列成分。

  翻译:尽管民意调查显示,英国人把乡村,皇室,莎士比亚和国民医疗服务制度列为国家最让他们自豪的4个方面,但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。

  第十三句:

  Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns, did not receive lower fines.

  重点单词词组:

  Analysis:分析,动词是analyze

  Rule out:排除

  Possibility:可能性, 形容词是possible

  Political influence: 政治影响力

  Account for:对...有责任/对...做出解释

  Leniency:宽大,仁慈

  Contribute to:促进,名词contribution,贡献的意思

  Campaign:运动

  Fine:名词,罚款的意思

  语法知识:本句结构比较复杂,主干:Their analysis ruled out the possibility。后边是possibility 的定语从句,解释这种可能是什么;

  在定语从句有一个强调句it was that;

  后边冒号同位语从句主干是 companies did not receive lower fines,中间嵌套一个关于companies的一个定语从句。

  翻译:他们的分析排除了这种可能性:是公司的政治影响力,而不是他们的企业社会责任的立场导致了宽松处理,因此,为这次运动做出了贡献的公司,并没有得到较低的罚款。

  第十四句:

  Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

  语法点:同位语从句,介词短语作状语,A of B结构

  重要单词:

  Publisher---出版商

  responded---回答,回应

  charging--- 收 ; 要价

  costs---支付费用

  解析:本句考察了同位语从句的辨别以及介词短语作状语的识别与翻译,以及A of B结构的翻译方法。本句句子较长且没有标点,所以在翻译时我们可以根据。从属连词that以及介词短语to cover the cost 来简单断句。文中出现的that引导的从句,此处并不能简单的判断为定语从句。此处要考虑到两种从句的不同,虽然前面均为修饰名词但。同位语从句在从句中并不做任何成分,只是对前面的名词进行解释说明。句中可以判断出,此处为同位语从句翻译时用冒号或单破折号表示即可。此外介词短语 by charging their writers fees是作为前面 make their product的状语,所以在翻译时要前置到make前,译为"通过向作家收取费用,来向读者免费提供产品"。

  译文:出版商这项要求作出了回应: 他们通过对读者免费提供产品向作家收取费用,以支付准备文章的费用。

  第十五句:

  But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves—goals that pose a real challenge.

  【词汇突破】utility 运用; supervision 监管

  【主干识别】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的两个谓语由and 连接;

  【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility状语;with less human supervision状语;at least状语;goals that pose a real challenge整个句子的同位语。同位语goals 被定语从句修饰;

  【译文赏析】但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节省人工的运用,它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作,而且还要至少能够自己做出几个决定--这些目标才会带来真的挑战。

  第十六句:

  One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.

  【词汇突破】authority 权威harness 使……停止的意思;和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达;还有一个单词是curb,这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control,原意是缰绳的意思,这个单词为考研常考词。conscious 有意识的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams;

  【主干识别】one leading authority says that+宾语从句;

  【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列连词not only …but also…连接两个并列的动词harnessed 和 brought;to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语

  【译文赏析】而一名知名人士认为,这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制,实际上还可以受到意识的控制,进而帮助我们睡眠,使我们感觉好一些。

  第十七句:

  Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.

  【词汇点睛】estimate 估量,评估

  Not A…but B 不是……而是……

  【主干识别】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes.

  【其他成分】括号中的内容对biomass的同步解释和说明;而of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定语修饰biomass, in that biomass over time后置定语修饰changes;estimate的宾语为the actual biomass 和changes的并列,并列连词为but , 在英语阅读中,大家要注意这种由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的障碍;

  【译文赏析】他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区鱼类的实际生物量(活的生物总量),而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。

  【翻译点拨】多个定语在修饰着changes因此顺序应该调整。

  第十八句:

  A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.

  语法点:宾语从句,介词短语作状语,A of B结构,并列结构

  重要单词:

  subscription---订阅费

  steadily ---稳定地;不断地

  inflation---通货膨胀 ; 通胀率

  preparation---准备 ; 预备

  解析:这里需要注意的依然有A of B结构,此句中的 A of B结构为 the cost of subscriptions and of these" article preparation cost".但是此剧中还添加了一个both,形成both and的并列结构。其实此处添加both不影响翻译时的实际意义,只是特指后面指出的是订阅费和备读文章费两个费用。在翻译时可将这两个费用调整至costs前,译为"订阅费和这些未读文章费的费用"…。此外,本句中还考察了that引导的宾语从句的翻译方法。此处的宾从虽然很长,但是。基于宾从本身的特点,我们可以直接顺译下来。

  译文:去年的一份报告指出,订阅费和“备读文章费”的费用一直在以高于通胀率的速度稳步上升。

  第十九句:

  Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.

  语法点:定语从句,介词短语作定语,介词短语作状语

  重要单词:

  Senate---参议院

  digital---数字的

  multinationals---跨国公司

  impose ---推行,采用

  consumer---消费者

  解析:本句中考察了两处定语从句的识别以及介词短语作定语的识别与翻译。第1处定语从句由which引导,至that前结束;第2处定语从句由that引导至France。两处从句夹杂在一个句中形成从句嵌套的现象,所以关于此处的定语从句识别,我们应采用合适的办法进行调整。对于which引导的句子,可以利用大8原则顺译即可,对于that引导的句子由于句子较短,可以利用小8原则调整至其所修饰的名词即"multinationals"前。此外,句中还多次出现介词短语作定语、状语的现象: In France修饰前面的consumers or users,可译为"在法国的消费者或用户"; to consumer or users做provide的状语,翻译时可前置至provide前,译为"对消费者或用户提供数字服务"。

  译文:上周四,法国参议院通过了一项数字服务税,将对向法国消费者或用户提供数字服务的大型跨国公司征收新的税收资金。

  第二十句:

  But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the United States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.

  语法点: 介词短语,状语从句,定语从句

  重要单词:

  sparked---引发 ; 触发 ; 冒火花

  significant---有重大意义的 ; 显著的

  controversy---争论

  discriminates---区别 ; 辨别

  in turn---继而;转而

  investigation---调查;学术研究

  解析:本句话中考察了介词短语的辨别与翻译,以及句中夹杂whether引导的条件状语从句和为此引导的定语从句的翻译。其中以whether引导的介词短语相对来说比较长,短语中还夹杂了 whether引导的小状语从句,乍看可能会觉得手足无措,但是,在发现了whether这个关键词之后,我们就可以在这里先断句,由此长句信息变短,语法点拆分完整,我们就可以化长为短,依次将各部分内容翻译出来。后面还紧跟一个which引导的定语从句,此时我们要仔细辨别该从句所指代的信息是什么,纵观内容,得出指代的是前文句子,所以此处定语从句用大8原则即可,做顺译处理。除了语法信息外,此句包含的重要单词。也常常出现在其他相关题目中,也需熟读熟记。

  译文:但这已经引发了很大争议,随着美国贸易代表开始调查这项税收是否歧视美国公司,此事可能导致对法国的贸易制裁。

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