考研英语语法重难点精解之动词

时间：2023-05-06 14:47:01 考研英语我要投稿

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考研英语语法重难点精解之动词

一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）

考研英语语法重难点精解之动词

　　一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其形式和用法如下所述。

　　1． will/shall+动词，表示单纯的将来含义。

　　例句： Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could decline. （2001年第23题）

　　分析：该句是复合句。written and spoken作定语修饰language；that后是一结果状语从句。

　　译文：有朝一日，软件既能用来做文字翻译又能做口头翻译，而且能翻译得很好，以至于对任何通用的第二语言的需求都会下降。

　　例句： Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth and will be very expensive. （选自2006年Text 2）

　　分析：该句是复合句。which引导的定语从句修饰its own hotel;从句中you may be sure是插入语，从句的主干部分为which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive。

　　译文：希尔顿正在那儿建立自己的酒店，你或许可以肯定它将配有（以莎士比亚剧中人物的名字命名的）哈姆雷特汉堡包店、李尔王休息室、班柯宴会包间等，而且价格非常昂贵。

　　2． be going to+动词，表示按计划或打算在最近的将来做某事，也可表示对未来的预测。

　　例句： As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighter skinned, there is going to be a constant racial conflict in the world. （1999年第18题）

　　分析：该句是复合句。定语从句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分别修饰poor people以及richer people；从句的主干部分为poor people are in conflict with richer people。

　　译文：一般来说，只要穷人与富人（也就是一般的有色人种和白色人种）之间有冲突，那么这个世界上的种族冲突就不会停止。

　　例句： Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly?contested market. (选自2005年Part C)

　　分析：该句是简单句。

　　译文：显然，只有规模最大、应变能力最强的电视传媒集团才能够在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争激烈的市场中生存。

　　3． be to+动词，表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或要求别人去做的事，常用来表示官方的命令、决定、禁止、许可等。

　　例句：If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. （选自2011年Text 4）

　　分析：该句是复合句。其中，在主句中，定语从句it hopes to attract修饰audience。

　　译文：如果吉尔伯特和纽约爱乐乐团想获得成功，他们首先必须改变美国最古老的交响乐团和其想要吸引的新一批观众间的关系。

　　例句： But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. （2006年第49题）

　　分析：该句是复合句，本句主干为his primary task is not to think about...any more than...。定语从句which governs his activity修饰the moral code;其中not...any more than意为“不……也不……”。

　　译文：但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。

　　4．be about to+动词，表示最近即将发生的动作，不接时间状语。

　　例句： Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders. (1999年第9题)

　　分析：该句是复合句。定语从句who is not about to pay compliments to...修饰a young man。

　　译文：马林是个有独立思考能力的年轻人，他不会恭维他的政治领导人。

　　例句： His brother, who was a school teacher, was broke, his stomach ulcers were troubling him, one of his children had to have a serious operation, and his wife was about to have twins.

　　分析：该句是并列复合句，其中定语从句who was a school teacher修饰his brother。主干部分为His brother was...，his stomach ulcers were...，one of his children had to..., and his wife was about to...。

　　译文：他的哥哥是一位老师，已身无分文，并患上了胃溃疡，他的一个孩子要接受一次大手术，他的爱人将要生一对双胞胎。

　　5．位置移动动词，如： come，arrive，go，fly，catch，start，leave，travel的用法是be+现在分词，表示按计划即将发生的一个动作，常跟较近将来时间状语连用。

　　例句： The Spring Festival is coming, and all the urban people are busy engaging in all kinds of preparations.

　　分析：该句是由and连接的并列句。

　　译文：春节就要到了，城里人都在忙着做各种各样的准备。

　　6. 动词come，go，start，leave，arrive，return，begin常用一般现在时表示将来，表示已经预先计划安排好的或肯定发生的动作，主语常为事物名词。

　　例句： By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. （1994年第1题）

　　分析：该句是复合句。arrive用一般现在时表示将来。

　　译文：你到达伦敦时，我们将已经在欧洲待了两周了。

现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense)

　　1．表示此刻正在进行或在目前限定时间内不断进行的动作。

　　例句： That may change fast: lots of proposed data?security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington D．C．.（选自2007年Text 4）

　　分析：该句是并列句，冒号后的内容是对前面所提内容的进一步说明。

　　译文：这一切很快就会改变：很多提议的信息安全法规正在华盛顿逐一讨论。

　　例句：It?s no surprise that Jennifer Senior?s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life?enriching experience. （选自2011年Text 4）

　　分析：该句中，破折号前是一个复合句，其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是Jennifer Senior?s insightful, provocative magazine cover story is arousing much chatter，引号中的内容与其前cover story为同位语关系；破折号后的内容是对前面陈述内容的解释，suggestion后是一个同位语从句。

　　译文：詹妮佛·森尼尔见解深刻、颇具煽动性的杂志封面文章《我爱我的孩子，我讨厌我的生活》引发了热烈的议论，这不足为奇——没有什么比“育儿绝非完全是实现自我、丰富生活的体验”这样的暗示更能引发人们的讨论了。

　　2．表示现阶段正在进行的动作，而此刻并不一定在进行。

　　例句： The future of this company is at stake: many of its talented employees are following into more profitable net?based businesses. （2001年第30题）

　　分析：该句是并列句，冒号后的内容是对前面内容的进一步解释。

　　译文：这家公司的未来生死未卜，它的许多有才能的雇员正流失到赚钱更多的网络行业中去。

　　例句： “Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset, ” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University?s business school.

　　分析：该句是复合句，定语从句which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset修饰an asset。

　　译文：斯坦福大学商学院的海姆·门德尔森说： “信息已成为一种资产，需要像其他资产一样加以保护。”

　　3．表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这一用法见一般将来时用法5）。

　　4．在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来正在进行的动作。

　　例句： Take care when you are taking an exam.

　　Put him up if he is still finding a dwelling place.

　　注意：表示状态、感觉或情感的动词不用于现在进行时，如： forget, know, see, notice, love, like, hate, desire, believe, look, think, mind, have, seem, sound, remain等。

　　（六）将来完成时（Future Perfect Tense）和将来完成进行时(Future Perfect Continuous Tense)

　　1．表示将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

　　例句： It?s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory will have risen by about 10.

　　译文：据报道，到本月底这家工厂的水泥产量将要提升10。

　　例句： The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.