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考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十五)
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing。”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal。
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals—no meat , no fur, no medicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes。” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “ Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers。” Such well-meaning people just don't understand。
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。
Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress。
26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to
[A] call on scientists to take some actions。
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights。
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research。
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement。
27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
[A] cruel but natural。
[B] inhuman and unacceptable。
[C] inevitable but vicious。
[D] pointless and wasteful。
28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s
[A] discontent with animal research。
[B] ignorance about medical science。
[C] indifference to epidemics。
[D] anxiety about animal rights。
29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
[A] communicate more with the public。
[B] employ hi-tech means in research。
[C] feel no shame for their cause。
[D] strive to develop new cures。
30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
[A] a well-known humanist。
[B] a medical practitioner。
[C] an enthusiast in animal rights。
[D] a supporter of animal research。
名师解析
26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to
作者在开篇引用Edmund Burke的话是为了
[A] call on scientists to take some actions. 呼吁科学家采取行动。
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. 批评被误导的动物权利事业。
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research. 警告生物医学研究的厄运。
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 展示动物权利运动的胜利。
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者意图题。
【分析】 从第一段我们可以看到Edmund Burke所说的话的意思就是“一个被误导的事业如果要成功，它唯一需要的是好人无所作为”。然后作者紧接着写道“现在就有这样的一个事业：动物权利保护，他们试图阻止生物医学使用动物”。随后出现关键句“科学家们需要采取行动回应这些鼓吹者”。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是[A]。
27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
被误导的人通常会认为使用动物进行研究是
[A] cruel but natural. 残忍但是很普通的。
[B] inhuman and unacceptable. 不人道而且难以接受的。
[C] inevitable but vicious. 不可避免但是邪恶的。
[D] pointless and wasteful. 无意义而且是浪费的。
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 特征词汇“tend to think”很明确告诉我们出题人想考查考生能否推断出受误导的人们是怎样看待用动物做试验的。因为文中并没有直接给出答案，这样的题目的解题关键是寻找和题干有关的信息，然后通过推理连接起来这些可能是分散的信息。本题题干中的一个关键词组是“misled people”，首先需要定位，看看“misled people”都有什么看法，然后再做判断。第一段最后一句说“当人们听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段是一个具体的被误导的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是说她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句非常关键：“对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。从以上的分析可以看出，受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中，[B]最符合原文。[A]中虽然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不对，因为被误导的人们不可能认为那是普通的事情。[C]说的是“不可避免的，但是邪恶的”，也不正确，因为文章中没有提到不可避免这个说法。[D]项说的是“毫无意义，浪费的”，文中没有提到毫无意义这个意思。
28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s
老太太的例子被用来说明公众
[A] discontent with animal research. 对动物研究的不满。
[B] ignorance about medical science. 对医学的无知。
[C] indifference to epidemics. 对流行病的冷漠。
[D] anxiety about animal rights. 对动物权益的忧虑。
【答案】 B
【考点】 作者意图题。
【分析】 这个例子说的是一位老太太向大家散发传单，号召大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。当问及是否反对使用疫苗时，老太大说，若疫苗也来源于动物，那么就不应使用疫苗，流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而她的这种无知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句话感叹“这些好心人压根儿就不明白”，所以答案为[B]。[A]说的是公众对动物试验的不满。但是，老太太的例子不仅仅是为了说明这一点。这个论据反映的是什么论点呢？从全文来看，作者的目的不是为了写公众有多愤怒，而在于指出公众不满的根源——对医学研究不了解，然后呼唤科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。所以老太太的例子反映的是公众的无知。
29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should作者认为，科学家在面临动物权利保护鼓吹者的挑战时，应该
[A] communicate more with the public. 更多地与公众交流。
[B] employ hi-tech means in research. 在研究中采用高科技手段。
[C] feel no shame for their cause. 对自己的事业不感到羞耻。
[D] strive to develop new cures. 努力开发新的治疗方法。
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者态度题。
【分析】 在解答这类题目的时候，考生应该按照题干关键词去寻找答案线索可能的所在地。本题关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”，以及“scientists should”，解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都
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