Unit 16 What a good, kind girl!
教学建议
教学内容分析
本单元的功能项目为“问题”及“路线的指引”。整个单元的教学内容都是围绕这一中心而展开的。本单元的语法项目是情态动词can和may的用法：请求许可和谈论可能性。
第61课首先出现了一张标有不同建筑物的地图。接着安排了一段对话，让学生对照地图学习有关问题和指路的表达法，最后是一个问路和指路的练习。
第62课是一个短剧。叙述了一个女学生陪伴一个外国妇女去医院探望她丈夫的故事。由于女孩也不知道去医院的路线，所以向警察问路，从而引出了不少问路和指路的表达法及may表示可能性的用法。
第63课通过朗读、练习、问答等活动，学习情态动词may的两种用法。
第64课为复习和巩固问路、指路及情态动词may的用法，安排了不同的教学活动。第五部分的阅读短文教师可根据班级实际情况决定是否让学生进行阅读。
重难点及疑点分析
（－）重点、难点
A．单词
tell, across, miss, reach, way, wait, cut
B．句子
1. Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the library?
2. Walk along ZhongShan Road, and turn right at the second crossing.
3. Go across the bridge. You’ II find the library on the left.
across是介词，是“横穿”的意思，表示某动作在物体表面进行。它的动词是cross，名词是crossing。
4．You can’t miss it．
（1）miss在这里相当于no find或not see，“未看见”的意思。
（2）miss还相当于be late for或not catch，“错过”“没赶上”的意思。
He missed the early bus yesterday morning.
5．What’s the matter?
What’s the matter? 相当What’s wrong? 或What’s the trouble?
6. Maybe you put it there.
7. It s take you about half an hour.
C．语法
情态动词can和may的用法。
（二）疑点
A．句子
1．Go on until you reach the end．
until在本句中是连词，引导一个时间状语从句，意思是“直到……为止”，主句是肯定句，谓语动词要用持续性动词，until引导的时间状语从句将来时用一般现在时来表示。如：I will wait for you until you returns.
2．He’s sick in hospital．
in hospital在这里作“住院”讲，表示一种抽象的意义。 hospital前不要加定冠词the。 in the hospital表示“在某家医院”，不一定住院。如：His father works in the hospital.
3．Ah，so it is．
该句结构为so+主+助动词，表示同意对方所陈述的观点，常译作“的确如此”或“可不是吗”。例如
（l）—He could sing some English songs when he was ten years old.
—So he could.
（2）—It’s raining heavily outside.
—Ah, so it is.
B．语法
含有情态动词may的一般疑问句表示请求许可时它的否定回答不能用may not而用mustn’t或can’t。
－May I use your computer?
—No, you mustn’t./No, you can’t.
交际用语教学
本单元的交际用语主要是关于问路方面的。在前两册书中我们已学过一些有关问路的用语，结合本单元所学的，我们可以作一些归纳，便利学生加以记忆。
1. Excuse me. Where’s the (nearest) . . . please?
2. Which is the way to...?
3. Do you know the way to. . . ?
4. How can I get to( reach) . . . from. . . ?
5. Can you tell me the way from. . . to. . . ?
6. Can you tell me how to get to...?
7. Can you find the way from. . . to. . . ?
8. I want to go to. ...Do you know the way to. . . ?
9. I’m looking for. . . .Where is it, do you know?
这些问句可以根据实际情况进行回答。如：Excuse me. Where’s the nearest book shop? It’s in front of/behind/next to/on the right side of/the shopping centre. Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to/reach Zhongshan Park? Walk along/down/up this street. Take the second turning on the left/right/walk across the bridge/the street/it’s between. . .and. . .等等。
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在“问路”时，如对方不知道，问路人仍要向他表示谢意。
1. A: Excuse me. Is there a middle school near here?
B: I’ m sorry, I don’t know.
A: Thank you all the same.
2. A: Excuse me. Which is the way to the theatre?
B: Sony. I’m new here. You can ask the policeman over there. Maybe he knows.
A: Thank you all the same.
在以上总结归纳的基础上，教师可以编一些对话，或学生相互之间编一些对话，供大家练习。
1. A: Excuse me. Where’s the nearest video shop?
B: Yes. Walk along Beijing Road, and turn left at the third crossing. Go across the bridge, you will find the video shop on the right.
B: It’s a pleasure.
2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell/show me the way to NO. 7 Middle School?
B: Go straight to the shopping centre and turn right. Then walk across Zhongshan Road, you will find a theatre, NO. 7 Middle School is one the right.
A: Thank you very much.
B: Not at all.
3. A: Excuse me. How Can I get to/reach the library from the zoo?
B: Go on until you reach the end of the road. Them turn left and you will find the library. It’s between the shops and the market, you can t miss it.
A: Many thanks.
B: That’s OK.
情态动词may和can的用法
情态动词may和can一是表示请求/许可，二是表示可能性。它们的回答可根据实际情况进行，但要告诉学生情态动词may的否定回答不能用 may not，只能用can’t。
1．请求/许可
May I watch TV in the evening? Yes, you may./No, you can’t.
May I use your computer? Certainly, Here it is./Sorry, I am using it.
May I come in? Yes, please./Come in, please./Please don’t./Wait a moment, please.
May I speak to Miss Li, please? Certainly./One moment, please./I’m afraid not. She isn’t here at the moment.
Can I borrow these books? Yes, please./Sorry, you can’t.
Can you tell me the way to the cafe? Sure./Certainly./Sorry, I don’t know.
2. 表示可能性
They may have a lot of work to do.
Lucy isn’t here, she may be ill in hospital.
Where’s Li Ping? He may go to the shopping centre with his parents.
A: Do you know John s address?
B: Sorry, I don’t know. But my English teacher may know.
阅读训练
第62课讲述了一个中国小女孩在去看电影的途中帮助一个外国妇女找她丈夫住院的医院。文中安排了一些问路的表达法，本文可用两种方法组织学生阅读。
1．导入 法：先让学生看懂文中两幅插图基本内涵的基础上，根据老师所列出的阅读提纲组织学生阅读。
2．老师根据课文内容提出若干问题。例如：
(1 )Why does Liu Mei help the woman?
(2) Why can’t the woman find the address of the hospital?
(3) What’s the name of the hospital?
(4) Does the girl know the way to the hospital?
…
要求学生根据老师提出的问题进行阅读。最后根据不同层次的学生回答相应的问题。
学法建议
1．本单元的新单词比较多，同学们可以动脑筋进行分析。不难看出，可以用联想法记忆单词。例如：lady ，ladies’ room, cross across crossing, library lab cafe video shop church, geography physics history
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2．掌握表示问路的一些习惯用法，自制几张方位图，两人一小组，根据方位图上所表出的不同位置，替换一些问路的用法并相互提问着练习。
3．第62课的课文可以在阅读的基础上，根据课文插图分四人一组进行表演。
能力训练
1．本单元的交际功能项目为“问路”。通过本单元的看图说话、句型操练、课文阅读和对话表演，熟练掌握有关问题的习惯用语。
2．学生在运用情态动词can和may的基础上，通过老师的适当讲解掌握他们的用法。
教学情态动词may的用法
情态动词may有两个含义：一是请求许可及表示允许，译作“可以”，上学期已学过，可先复习如下：
May I go now? Yes, you may. No, you mustn't.
May I watch TV after supper? Yes, you may. No, you mustn't.
May I use your pen? Certainly. Here you are. Sorry. I'm using it.
May I borrow your bike? Sure. Here's the key. Sorry, it's broken.
May I come in? Yes, please./Come in. please. Please don't./Wait a moment, please.
May I go with you? Why not? No, please not.
May I have a cake, please? Sure. Here you are. Sorry. Wait a while.
May I speak to Miss Li, please? Certainly./0ne moment, please. I'm afraid not. She isn't here at the moment.
may的第二个用法是表示可能性，说明现在的或将来的可能性，译作“可能”、“也许”除让学生按第87、88课上的几种口头练习进行操练并掌握外，还可利用学过的词语，设置
1. From the weather report it may rain here the day after tomorrow.
2. It is quite cloudy now. I hope the cloud may lift in the afternoon.
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3. We'd better take the raincoats with us. It may rain tonight.
4. Bruce called you this morning, but you were not in. He may ring you again this evening.
5. She is better today. She may go on writing the story.
6. I went to Lily's home yesterday, but didn't see her grandfather. He is very old and often ill. He may be in hospital again.
7. A: Why can't we see Robert here?
B: He may be in the next room.
8. A: Do you know John's address?
B: No, I don't. But I saw you wrote down his address on a piece of paper
A: Yes, but I can't find it.
B: It may be in your inside pocket.
A: No, it isn't there.
B: It may be in your pencil-box.
A: No, I looked there.
B: Your mother may know the address.
A: Well, let me ask her. Thank you.
B: Not at all.
关于问路句型分析
Which is the way to North street Hospital? 去北大医院怎么走？
这是问路的一种说法，除此之外还可以说：
Where is North Street Hospital, please?
Can you tell me the way to North Street Hospital, please?
Can you tell me how I can get to North Street Hospital?
指点方向一般有以下几种表达方法：
Go along the road. Walk along the street.
Take the first turning on the right/left. Turn right/left at the second crossing.
It's next to … It's beside/behind … It's between … and …
考点指要
1．may表示可以(相当于to be allowed/permitted):
You may take this seat. (=You are allowed to take this seat.)你可以坐这个位子。
May I come in?我可以进来吗?
在回答这类问题时，人们通常避免用may来回答，而是用别的方式:
—May I sit here? ——我可以坐这儿吗?
—Yes, please. (或Certainly.) ——请坐吧。(当然可以。)
—Please don't. ——请不要坐在这儿。
—No, you mustn't. ——不，不行。
2．表示一件事可能会发生或某种情况可能存在(只能用于陈述句)
He may be busy today. 今天他可能很忙。
She may go to Beijing by air next month.她下个月可能乘飞机去北京。
A fool may give a wise man counsel.傻子也可能给聪明人出主意。(谚)
3．在表示目的或让步的状语从句中构成谓语：
Stand up so that you may see farther.大家站起来以便看得更远。
No matter what you may say, I will go ahead.不管你怎么说，我都要干下去。
4．可用于表示祝愿：
May that day come soon. 愿那一天早日到来。
May your dream come true. 愿你的梦想成真。
辨析cross, crossing和across
A. cross与across都可译作“横穿/越过”，但词性不同。cross是动词，across是介词，cross sth. =go across sth.,
Go across the bridge. 横穿过那座桥。
B. go across 横穿过，区别于 go along沿着，一直走。如：
go across the street 横穿过街道，
go along/ up / down the street 沿着街道走。
C. crossing n. 十字路口。如：
Turn right/left at the second/first. . . crossing. 在第二/一个路口向右/右拐。
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=Take the second /first. . . turning on the right/left.
例：找出下列句中的错误并改正
Go cross the bridge, and you'll find the library.
分析与解答：句中的cross作名词时意思是“十字形（物）”，作动词时意思是“穿过；横过”，在此和动词go连用，犯了语法上的错误。go是不及物动词，其后跟宾语时，需加介词。而介词across 表示“穿过；横过”，因此应该把cross改成across。
关于still用法分析
still“还，仍然”，用作副词时，一般与动词连用，说明过去开始的情况或动作仍在继续。在使用时请注意其位置的变化。
1．一般放在don't, doesn't等词的前面。如：
I still don't know now. 现在我仍然不知道。
2．be动词与现在分词之间。如：
Look! The children are still watching TV. 瞧！孩子们仍然在看电视。
3．情态动词与动词原形之间。如：
You could still ask him about it. 你仍能问他那件事。
4．作“还要、更”解时，用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示程度，相当于even。
Jim's kite flies high, his brother's flies still higher. 吉姆的风筝飞得高，他哥哥的飞得更高。
辨析in time和on time
两个短语都有“按时、准时”的意思。
1）in time指“及时”，表示动作“在老人家时间内或提前发生”。如：
You'll get there just in time. 你将会正好及时到那儿（没误事）。
When he was hungry, I sent the bread to him in time.他饿时，我及时送了面包给他。
2）on time 强调“准时、按时”，即at the right time。如：
Please be come on time. Don't be late. 请准时来，别迟到。（不早不晚）。
The train came in on time.火车准时进站。
辨析So it is. / So is it.
1) So it is. “它确实是这样”。这种结构中的主语通常与上文的主语相同，主谓语不倒装，用于对上文的进一步肯定和确认。句型为：so+主语+be(have, 助动词或情态动词)。如：
—The students work hard. 学生们努力学习。
—So they do. 确实是这样。
2）So is it. “它也是”。这种结构中的主语与上文的主语不同，表示前句所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）。句型是：So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+主语，意为“……同样/也那样。”如：
—English people eat a lot of potatoes. 英国人常吃土豆。
—So do we. 我们也是。
辨析maybe/ may be
1）maybe是副词，意为“也许，大概”。它通常放在句子的开头，在句子中作状语。如：
Maybe they won't come here tonight. 他们大概今晚不会来这儿。
Maybe she is happy. 也许她是幸福的。
2）may be是情态动词may加动词原形be构成的，在句中做谓语，意为“可能是、大概是”，后接形容词、介词短语或名词作表语。如：
She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以说：Maybe she is at home.）
You may be right. 你可能是对的。（也可以说：Maybe you are right.）
正误例析
你的钢笔可能在你的口袋里。
误：Your pen maybe in one of your pocket.
正：Your pen may be in one of your pockets.
Maybe your pen is in one of your pockets.
解析：maybe为副词“或许，可能”之意，在句中作状语；may be为情态动词may加系动词be构成，在句中作谓语，one of后面须接可数名词的复数形式。
关于not until用法分析
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor. 你在看大夫前，一定不能吃任何东西。
not…until…意为“直到……才……，在……以前不……”。在这个句型中，主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，表示这个动作直到何时才发生。例如：
I won't leave until / before you come back. 你回来以前我不离开。（直到你回来我才离开。）
until用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，表示这个动作一直延续到何时为止。例如：
Go on until you reach the end. 你走下去一直走到头。
He waited until I came back. 他一直等到我回来。
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Unit 16 What a good, kind girl!