找工作难？全球企业招聘人才也难

找工作难？全球企业招聘人才也难

　　France is running short of trained chefs, while Norway is scouring the world for butchers as countries deal with what a new report calls a global ’talent crunch.’

　　At the same time, the percentage of U.S. employers finding difficulty in filling positions was cut in half over the past year amid a sharp slowdown in economic activity, according to a survey of labor shortages released by Manpower Inc., one of the world’s largest temporary-employment agencies.
　　Though the global percentage of employers facing a talent shortage fell to 31% from 41% over the past year, skilled manual trades emerged as the biggest headache for global employers polled in late January, said Jeff Joerres, chairman and chief executive of Manpower.
　　Mr. Joerres said jobs requiring apprenticeships have become increasingly tricky to fill in developed countries, forcing employers to turn increasingly to immigrants or actively recruit outside their national borders

　　’We’re losing the pipeline,’ said Mr. Joerres in an interview. ’In the U.S., it’s welders, in France, it’s cooks and chefs, and in Norway, it’s butchers.’
　　Eastern Europe has become a key source for manual and skilled trades for employers in Western Europe, but Mr. Joerres said Manpower’s work for clients in Norway has seen it, for example, recruit trained butchers from Ireland and as far afield as Brazil to work in the Nordic state.
　　Sales representatives and technicians are ranked after skilled trades among the most sought-after employees world-wide. But the survey points to sharp variations between regions and countries, with French employers finding it more difficult to find chefs and cooks than either salespeople or machinery operators.

　　Finding engineers remains the biggest headache for U.S. employers, with the energy industry already on alert about the impact of an aging work force on its ability to develop new resources.
　　Mr. Joerres said hundreds of trained staffers have been recruited from Asian countries to develop Canadian oil-sands projects. ’You are going to have more migration of that work, and talent is going to be soaked up quickly,’ he said.
　　While engineers remain particularly tough to recruit, only 19% of surveyed U.S. employers were finding it difficult to find the ’right’ staff, compared with 41% in January 2007.
　　Mr. Joerres said the drop in the U.S. number reflected ’hesitation’ among employers about hiring any new staff, rather than any easing of skills shortages. ’We know they are not looking as much,’ said Mr. Joerres.
　　The U.S. economic slowdown and the problems in the construction sector have helped employers in Mexico, the largest exporter of labor to its northern neighbor. The number of Mexican employers experiencing hiring problems fell to 28% from 82%.
　　Mr. Joerres also warned of a mismatch in skills in the global agricultural industry as the focus of production shifts increasingly from the U.S. and Western Europe to Latin America and central Asia.
　　Farmers are relying on increasingly sophisticated equipment to work the land and boost crop yields, placing a premium on agricultural technicians and engineers.
　　Mr. Joerres suggested the increasing reliance on technology to boost global food production hinged on the relocation of skilled technical staff from developed farming economies, a move he said was unlikely. ’No-one’s going to go from the Great Plains state of Kansas to Kazakhstan for one-tenth of the cash,’ he warned.
　　法国缺少训练有素的大厨，而挪威则在全球搜求屠夫，世界各国都面临着一份新出炉的报告所称的全球“人才荒”，

找工作难？全球企业招聘人才也难

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　　与此同时，据世界最大的职业介绍所之一万宝盛华(Manpower Inc.)最近的一份劳动力短缺状况调查，由于经济活动剧烈减退，去年觉得难以找到人手的美国雇主比例下降了一半。
　　万宝盛华董事长兼首席执行长杰夫•约雷斯(Jeff Joerres)说，在1月底进行的调查中，去年全球面临人才短缺的雇主百比分从41%下降到31%，但熟练人工是接受调查的雇主最头疼的问题。
　　约雷斯说，对经验有要求的工作在发达国家越来越难以招到人手，迫使雇主日渐将目标瞄准移民，或是积极在境外招聘。
　　约雷斯在一次接受采访时说：“我们的人才供应渠道正在流失。在美国，短缺的是焊接工，法国是厨师和大厨，而挪威是屠夫。”
　　东欧已经成为西欧雇主的人工和熟练工人的重大来源，但约雷斯举例说，万宝盛华可能要从爱尔兰甚至远到巴西去为北欧的挪威客户招聘人手。
　　销售代表和技术人员是全球仅次于熟练工人的急缺员工。但调查结果显示，不同地区和国家的情况很不一样，比如法国雇主觉得比起销售人员或机械操作工人，大厨和厨师更难找。
　　美国雇主最头疼的依然是招聘工程师，能源行业已经注意到日渐老龄化的劳动力对新能源开发能力的影响。
　　约雷斯说，从亚洲国家招聘了数百名熟练工人开发加拿大的油砂项目。他说：“这一工种会出现更多移民，人才很快就耗尽。”
　　虽然招募工程师依然很难，但接受调查的美国雇主中只有19%认为很难招到合适的员工，2007年1月这一比例为41%。
　　约雷斯说，美国的这一数字下降反应了雇主对招聘新员工的犹疑情绪，并不表示人才短缺状况有所缓和。约雷斯说：“我们知道雇主招聘的人数减少了。”
　　美国经济减缓和建筑行业的问题让墨西哥的雇主得到了好处，墨西哥是向美国出口劳动力人数最多的国家。面临人力问题的墨西哥雇主的比例从82%下降到28%。
　　约雷斯还警告说，随着全球农业生产重点日渐从美国和西欧转向拉美和中亚，某些种类的农业人手也出现短缺。
　　农民在耕作和提高农作物产量方面越来越依赖复杂的机械设备，由此造成了农业技术人员和工程师的短缺。
　　约雷斯说，全球粮食产量的增加日渐依赖科技，而这一点有赖于发达农业经济体的熟练技术人员进行全球再配置，他说这种情况不太可能实现。约雷斯警告说：“没有人愿意从美国的大平原地区的堪萨斯州跑到哈萨克斯坦，挣的还只有原先的十分之一。”

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