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人教版初二上册英语知识点
在日复一日的学习中,是不是听到知识点,就立刻清醒了?知识点也不一定都是文字,数学的知识点除了定义,同样重要的公式也可以理解为知识点。为了帮助大家掌握重要知识点,下面是小编精心整理的人教版初二上册英语知识点,欢迎大家分享。
初二上册英语知识点1
【重点短语】
1. have a soccer game进行一场足球赛
2. fall ill病倒了
3. be a little far from…离……有点远
4. right away = at once立刻;马上
5. miss a good chance错过一个好机会
6. get/miss a goal得到/失去一分
7. shame on sb.为某人感到羞耻
8. do one’s best尽某人的力
9. say sorry to sb.对某人说抱歉
10. be sure to do sth.确定做某事
11. be angry with…生某人的气
12. with one’s help= with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下
13. serve food上菜
14. turn up/down…调高/低(音量)
15. keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
16. in a minute一分钟后;马上
17. on the phone在电话中
18. take a seat就坐
19. never mind不要紧
20. a lot of traveling一系列旅行
初二上册英语知识点2
句子成分和类型
1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。
2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep,stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
7.状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。
(You是主语,should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
这种食物吃起来很可口。
(This kind of food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。)
注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。
9.简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
10.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
11.两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
一般疑问句
一、不用疑问词,但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句。句末用问号“?”。
一般疑问句的基本用法及结构一般疑问句用于对某一情况提出疑问,通常可用yes和no来回答,读时用升调。其基本结构是“be / have /助动词+主语+谓语(表语)”:
Is he interested in going?他有兴趣去吗?
Have you ever been to Japan?你到过日本吗?
Does she often have colds?她常常感冒吗?
Did you ask her which to buy?你问没问她该买哪一个?
二、陈述句变一般疑问句的方法
1.动词be的疑问式:动词be根据不同的时态和人称可以有am,is,are,was,were等不同形式,可用作连系动词(表示“是”、“在”等)和助动词(用于构成进行时态和被动语态等),但不管何种情况,构成疑问式时,一律将动词be的适当形式置于句首:句型:Be动词+主语~?
Is your father angry?你父亲生气了吗?
Yes,he is.是的,他生气了。
No,he isn"t.不,他没生气。
Were the babies crying last night?(进行时)
昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?
Yes,they were.是的,他们在哭。
No,they weren"t.不,他们没哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被动语态)
全世界都说英语吗?
Yes,it is.是的。
No,it isn"t.不。
2.动词have的疑问式:动词have根据不同的时态和人称可以有have,has,had等形式,可以用作实意动词和助动词,分以下情况讨论:
①用作实意动词表示状态,如表示拥有、患病或用于have to表示“必须”等,在构成构成式时可以直接将have,has,had置于句首,也可根据情况在句首使用do,does,did:
Does he have [Has he] anything to say?他有什么话要说吗?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon?你必须这么早走吗?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then?他当时有朋友吗?
②用作实意动词表示动作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度过(=spend)”等,构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首,而应在句首使用do,does,did:
Does he have breakfast at home?他在家吃早餐吗?
Did you have a good time at the party?你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?
③完成时的一般疑问句
句型:Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+~?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你从童年就认识她吗?
Yes,I have.是的。
No,I haven"t.不。
过去完成时的一般疑问句
句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+~?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?
Yes,he had.是的。
No,he hadn"t.不。
3.情态动词的疑问式:情态动词的疑问式通常是将情态动词置于句首:
句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形~?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能给我拿来些苹果吗?
Yes,I can.是的,可以。
No,I can"t.不,不可以。
Can you speak English?你会说英语吗?
Must I finish the work at once?我必须马上完成工作吗?
4.实意动词的疑问式:一般实意动词的疑问式,通常应根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词do,does,did等:
句型:Do(Does,Did)+主语+动词原形~?
Do you go to school every day?你每天都上学吗?
Does the boy like dancing?这男孩喜欢唱歌吗?
Did you see the film last night?你昨晚看了这部电影吗?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了吗?
Yes,he did.是的,他做了。
No,he didn"t.不,他没做。
特殊疑问句
用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握特殊疑问句,我们把疑问词分为三类:
疑问代词:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑问副词:when,where,why,how
疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词
一、疑问代词的用法
1.what引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
A.对主语提问
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
这个问题可以有两种回答:
a:There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一个蛋。
b:An egg is(in it).
一个蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。
B.对宾语提问
What did you buy?你买了什么?
C.对表语提问
What is this?这是什么?
It"s a bench.这是一条长凳。
What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?
2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句
此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。
Who broke the window?(对主语提问)
谁打破了窗户?
who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(对表语提问)
那个女人是谁?
She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)
或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)
二、疑问形容词的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。
What sports do you like?(对宾语提问)
你喜欢什么运动?
I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。
Whose pens are these?(对表语提问)
这些是谁的钢笔?
They are Li Ming"s.这些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(对主语提问)
两年前谁的父亲死了?
Which picture did you take?(对宾语提问)
哪一张照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右边的那一张是我拍的。
三、疑问副词的用法
句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?
(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)
when引导的疑问句:询问时间
When were you born?你何时出生?
(I was born)on June 5,1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
初二上册英语知识点3
一、 v+ do
1. Let sb do sth让某人做某事
Let sb not do sth让某人不做某事
2.why not do sth = why don’t you do sth做什么怎么样为什么不做?
Why not put on a raincoat,its raining outside.外面在下雨,为什么不穿个雨衣呢?
3. Make sb do sth使某人做某事
I will do my best to make my dream come true.我会尽我所能去使我的梦想实现。
Make sb + adj使某人………..
The story makes us happy。
二、v+ doing
1. practice doing sth练习做某事our English teacher told us to practice speaking English
every day。英语老师叫我们每天练习说英语。
2. finish doing sth完成做某事my mum asks me to finishing cleaning up my room before
she come from work。妈妈要求我在她下班回来之前打扫干净我的房间。
3. Enjoy doing sth享受做某事
The boys are enjoying playing basketball孩子们正在操场上享受打篮球。
4. stand doing sth忍受做某事她不能忍受欺骗他人
5. mind doing sth介意做某事?你介意开门吗?
6. keep doing sth.继续做某事
She will keep fighting in this new semester.在新学期,她将继续努力奋斗
7. miss想念I miss you very much
Miss sth错过………….he got up late this morning,so he missed the bus
Miss doing sth错过做某事。He missed having the class,because he got up late。
8. Sb spend time with sb与某人共度时间
I spend the weekend with my grandparents。
Sb spend (time/ money)某人在某事花费时间,金钱
Sb spend (time/money)(in)doing sth某人花费时间、金钱做某事(人作主语)
I spent two hours (in)reading the novel last night.
It takes sb (time/ money)某事花费某人多少时间,金钱(it作主语)
It took me two hours to read the novel last night。
Sb pay sth money= pay money for sth为………..付多少钱。 (人作主语)
I paid ten dollars for that book
Sth cost sb money某物花费某人多少钱(物作主语)
That book cost me ten dollars。
9.succeed in doing sth成功做某事
He succeeds in giving up the smoking他成功地戒了烟。
10. play a role in doing sth发挥作用,有影响
computers play a role in people’s life计算机在人们的生活中发挥作用。
11. Have fun (in)doing sth玩得高兴
They had fun playing basketball.他们打篮球玩得很高兴。
12. be good at doing/ sth擅长she is very good at dancing。他擅长跳舞
13. be talented in doing sth/ sth在某方面有天赋
she is talented in drawing。她在画画方面有天赋
三、v+ to do
1. it"s a good/ great way to do sth做....的好方法.
He likes joining some activities because it’s a good way to make friends他喜欢参加一些活
动,因为这是交朋友的好方式。
The best way to do sth做某事的方式
I think the best way to learn English is through English。学英语的方式就是朗读。
2. It’s one’s first time to do sth第一次做某事
It’s my first time to speak English with foreigners.这是我第一次和外国人说英语。
3. want to do sth = would like to do sth想做某事
4. decide to do sth决定做某事
He decides to have a travel in this winter vacation.他决定在这个寒假去旅行。
5. be determined to do sth下定决心做某事
She determined to get good grades in this final examination.她下定决心要在这次的期末
考试中取得好成绩。
6. Invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
He didn’t invite me to have dinner with them他没有邀请我和他们共进晚餐。
Invite sb to a place邀请某人到某处
He wants to invite the girl to his birthday party。他想邀请那个女孩参加他的生日宴会。
7. help sb(to)do sth= help(sb)with sth帮助某人做某事
he helped me with my English。= he helped me to study English.
8. order sb to do sth命令某人做某事
the boss ordered him to finish the work before 5 o’clock老板命令他五点之前完成工作
9. plan to do sth计划做某事
I plan to have a vacation in this summer我计划这个暑假去度假
10. choose to do sth选择做某事
He chooses to stay at home because of the cold weather.因为寒冷的天气,他选择呆在家里。
11. Do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth尽某人做大努力做某事
I will try my best to make my dream come true.
12. Need to do sth需要做某事
She needs to wash her dirty clothes now。现在她需要去洗她的脏衣服。
13. be ready to do sth准备好做某事She is ready to go out她准备好出去了。
14. seem +形容词看起来….. You seem happy today.你看起来很高兴
seem + to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold我似乎感冒了。
15. tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事
Her mum tells her to sleep early.她的妈妈告诉她早睡。
Tell sb not to sth告诉某人不要做某事
请告诉她不要去爬树
16. expect to do sth期待做某事
她期待下周去香港。
17. wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事
I wish you to be good.我希望你好好的。
Hope to do sth希望做某事
I hope to have a good job in the future.我希望将来有一份好工作。
18. it’s + adj for sb to do sth做某件事对某人来说怎么样
It’s good for you to sleep early.早睡对你有好处。
四、v+ to do/ doing
1. try to do sth尽量做某事,努力做某事he tries to finish his homework
Try not to do sth尽量不做某事he tries not to hurt his friends’ feelings。
Try doing sth尝试做某事。 He tried washing his hair with a new shampoo。
2. mean to do sth有意做某事I didn’t mean to hurt you我不是有意伤害你的。
Mean doing sth意味着、being good to her doesn’t mean loving her对她好并不意
味着爱她。
3. start doing sth.开始做某事= start to do sth (begin)
He usually starts cooking at 6 in the evening when his mother is not at home.当他妈妈不在家
时,他通常在晚上6点钟就开始做饭。
4.停止做某事the teacher is coming,lets stop talking.停下来做某事if you are tired, you can stop to rest.
初二上册英语知识点4
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
一、重要短语归纳
1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里
3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海滩
5.visit museum参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参观夏令营
7.quite a few相当多 8.study for为……而学习
9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间
11.taste good尝起来很好吃 12.come up出来,发生
13.of course当然 14.feel like给……的感觉;感受到
15.go shopping去购物 16.in the past在过去
17.walk around四处走走 18.because of因为
19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天
21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出;查明
23.go on继续 24.take photos照相
25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下
27.have a good time玩得高兴=enjoy oneself=have great fun
二、语法专项
1.复合不定代词
①定义
a)复合不定代词由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词。
即:复合不定代词:something, somebody, someone;anything,anybody, anyone,nothing, nobody, no one; everything, everybody, everyone
b) 它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。 ②用法
(1) 受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。
如:Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。 There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。
There is nothing to eat.这里没有吃的东西。
(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their.
如:If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。
(3)anyone, everyone, someone, no one: a)只能指人,不能指物; b)且其后一般不接of 短语。
c)若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。 ③考点要求
(1)自身的意义以及对句式的要求:构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。 body用来表人;thing用来表物;one既可表人也可表物。 some表示“某”,用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中; any表示“某”,用于否定句或问句;
no表示“没有”,用于肯定句说明否定意义;
every表示“每一”,用于肯定句或问句。
(2)主谓一致性关系:复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数,作主语时,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
如:错:Everybody in our class are interested in English. 对:Everybody in our class is interested in English.
(3)定语后置关系:对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。
如:错:I have important something to tell you.
对:I have something important to tell you.
(4)none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别:none在句中不能单独作主语,但可同of连用带名词一起作主语;
其它复合不定代词可单独作主语,但不能同of连用。
如:错:He is new here, so none knows him.
对:He is new here, so no one knows him.
错:Nobody of them has been to England before.
对:None of them has been to England before..
(5)代换复合不定代词的人称代词:在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时,应考虑其表人还是表物。表人时,用they代换;表物时,用it代换。
如:Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? Nobody has been there before, have they?
2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词
1)规则变化
①直接加ed:work-- worked
②以e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ---lived
③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed:study---studied ④以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy ---enjoyed ⑤以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:
stop---stopped
2)不规则变化
初二上册英语知识点5
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事,例如:
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。
It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。
2.depend v. 依靠,依赖depend(常与on, upon连用)视情况而定
It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。
Children must depend on their parents.孩子们必须依赖他们的父母
3.How do you get to/reach/arrive at school? 你怎样到达学校?
I ride to school./ I get to school by bike.骑车
I take a bus to school. / I get to school by bus.做公共汽车
I take the subway to get to school./I get to school by subway.坐地铁
I walk./ I get to scool on foot 走着去
4 .on/in+修饰词(形容词性物主代词;名词所有格;冠同等)+交通工具,强调乘坐某种交通工具。For example:
Jack goes to school on his bike.杰克骑车去学校
Mr. Green goes to work in his car every day. 格林先生每天开车去上班
5. How does Lucy go to school?(单三)路西怎么去学校?
She rides her bike. 她骑车去
6. How long does it take?那要花多长时间?
It takes twenty minutes. 花20分钟
7 .How long does it take them to get to the bus station?到汽车站得多久?
It takes them about two hours to get to the bus station.用了他们两个小时
8. How far is it from his home to school? 从家到学校有多远?
It is five miles. 五英里
9. We waited at the bus stop. 我们在公共汽车站等(车)。
10.The old man lives on a small pension.老人靠一小笔退休金生活。
11. Ive never heard of anyone doing that. 我从未听说有人做那种事。
12. A town is bigger than a village but smaller than a city. town通常指“城镇、集镇、小镇”,对应于country/countryside.有时指城市里的闹市区或商业中心。
13. until用于肯定句中,表示动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止。
I will wait here until the concert is over.我将一直在这儿等到音乐会结束。
14. not…until用于否定句中,表示动作的转折。意思为“直到……才”
主句的谓语动词是表示瞬间(终止性的)动作的词。
She cant leave until Friday.在星期五之前她不能离开
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