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2001年考研英语作文考试透视
一、 试题Directions:
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to
1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.
2) Give a specific example, and
3) Give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.
You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
二、 考生样卷及修正版
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to the human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love.
As is described in the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places." This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.
For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.
So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
给分:(20分)
评语:内容切题,包括题中所列三方面的全部内容;文章通顺,语言流畅,句式变化多样;用词面较宽;虽有个别不妥之处,但该生基本功较好;表达强;长度符合要求。
修正版:
Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love but should also give others love. As can be seen from the picture, love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than others. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties.
Numerous examples might be easily given, but these will suffice. For instance, when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water may save his or her life. Again, when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these circumstances, you may have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light was most needed.
To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needy. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him or her. I believe that if we can all do this the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
三、 命题分析:规范性与灵活性
跟前十年的作文命题相比,2001年的作文命题发生了重大的变化,主要表现在如下几个方面:
第一,分值由原来的15分钟增加到20分,规定字数由原来的150词增加到200词。作为主观题的短文写作,其战略意义已仅次于作为客观题的阅读理解,两项分值加起来就是60分,因而其中任何项的失败都会严重影响整个考试的得分。根据今年作文试卷的情况来看,使自己的英语写作水平有一个质的提高是目前大部分考研准备者的当务之急。
第二,从命题形式上看,2001年的命题是一种新的形式。以往出现的命题形式包括提纲式作文(如92年)、图哥作文(如99年)和图画作文(如2000年),纯粹的情景式作文不太可能在今后的考试中出现。今年命题形式的特点是"情景+提纲+图画",综合了多种命题的优点,与新大纲样题的精神相吻合。
第三,从命题所测试的中心内容来看,以往考查的中心内容有列举、描述、对比、因果、概述等,并加以适当的议论,2001年的命题则要求举一个具体例子。
总体而言,2001年的作文命题思路还集中体现了规范性与灵活性的统一,而且这也是今后作文命题的基本原则和发展方向。规范性是指题目规定了写作的主题是"love",三点提纲又限定了写作内容和写作手法,图画则为考生提供了一个形象的写作对象和写作思路,另外题目给出的情景也规定了要写一篇投给newspaper的essay。在这种规范下,作文的内容和语言表达就具有了确定性和可预测性,考生也不需要在审题和构思上耗费过多的时间,可以集中精力在文字表达上下功夫。这样做的好处是主观题更具有了客观参照标准,既能达到测试的目的和要求,又有利于考后的阅卷评分。灵活性是指在避免考生随意发挥的前提下,给予一定的活动空间,以免产生千篇一律的答卷、以致于无法区分不同档次的写作水平。今年作文题的活动空间就基本限制在"give a speck example"之内。
应对作文题的关键不在于猜题、押题,而在于分清变与不变的关系。变的只是写作的主题,甚至命题的形式,不变的是作文评分标准的各项内容和三段式布局。抓住了不变的东西就可以以不变应万变。
四、答题分析:问题与对策
问题之一:审题的误区
题目首先规定了作文的主题是"love",虽然明说"Everyone has his/her own understanding of it",但图画只提供了一种理解,那就是"爱心是一盏灯,在越黑暗的地方越明亮",意思是最需要爱心的地方爱心显得最有价值。如果不把情景、提纲和图画进行综合分析,写作时就极可能发生偏离,结果有的就抓住"noblest"一词大做文章,有的人则抓住"Everyone has Ms/her own understanding of it"罗列不同的人对"love"的理解,甚至对没有"爱心"的人进行一番批斗。有一小部分考生挖空心思要想出一些与众不同的理解,结果适得其反。比如,有位考生说:"图画的寓意非常现代,就是说谈情说爱要有所讲究,在黑暗的地方幽会比在大庭广众之下来得有味道。"接着,这位考生在第二段里历数在黑暗中幽会的种种好处。另外,有考生把整个文章写成了一篇情书,以"Darling"开头,对他的恋人写了200词的美好回忆,中心思想是两个人如何患难与共,如何真情难得。2∞0年也有一篇作文以第二幅画中的那条鱼为切人点,全文第一句为"我是一条幸运的小鱼",接着历数人类对鱼类所犯下的种种滔天罪行,最后以大海中最后一条鱼的身份对人类的行为做出批评并呼吁人类采取积极的措施。整篇文章文字优美,流利通畅,一个错误都没有。但在专家审查后只给了8分(满分为15分)。理由只有一个:不按命题要求作文。以该篇文章的功底,按要求写成三段式,得满分是不成问题的。这样的"奇?quot;历年都有,得分最高的不超过及格分数,今年的"情书"和"谈情说爱"两篇作文的文字都不错,却都只得了6分。
问题之二:谋篇布局的尴尬
有不少考生考完之后自吹写了不下三百词,且不说不能保证质量,判卷老师至少不会欣赏这种做法,规定200词左右的作文绝不可以超过250词。有些考生写了五、六段,似乎想避免三段式之嫌,其实三段式结构是最好的,最多不能超过四段。如果是四段,第一段点题,说明一下自己的基本观点,既可引用名句也可改写题目给出的句子。第二段表明对图哥意义的理解。实际上,这两段完全可以合二为一,并作文章的第一段。
大多数考生写第二段时不知该如何举例,该如何构建这一段的内部结构。相当一部分考生仍然按照以前的思路,在第二段写了几条为什么要献爱心的原因,或者爱心的几种类型,或者爱心的几个方面。稍微好一点儿的作文则在第二段里写了一个干巴巴的明显是编造出来故事。很多学生一碰到要举献爱心的例子,动不动就说家里父母身患绝症,或者已经与世长辞,家人朋友如何伸出友爱之手。而真正符合要求的处理方式是举一个或多个例子,根据第一段所提出的观点,适当地加以评论,点到为止,见好就收,形成一"face+ comment"的内部结构。更大的问题在于大部分考生在第二段中举一个与第一段观点和第三?quot;the best
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