2024年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
在社会的各个领域，我们会经常接触并使用试题，借助试题可以更好地检查参考者的学习能力和其它能力。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切实有效地帮助到自己的试题吧？下面是小编收集整理的2024年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案，希望能够帮助到大家。
硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案 1
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Theres nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 ___the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in 2___ disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3___ to commercial buildings.
Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4___ by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They 5___ as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their 6___ have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7___ in busy
locations or during times of emergency, the doors 8___ crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples way.
9___ making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total arca 10___ by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these 11___ smaller buildings to Maximise the usable space inside without having to 12___ the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each 13___ specific signals to tell them when to open. 14___ these methods differ,the main 15___ remain the same.
Each automatic door system 16___ the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to 17___ the different environments they are needed in. 18___ , a busy street might not 19___ a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20___ to limit the surveyed area.
1. A.Through B. Despite C.Besides D.Without
2. A. revealing B.demanding C.improving D.tracing
3. A. experience B. convenience C.guidance D. reference
4. A. previously B. temporarily C. successively D.eventually
5. A. held on B. started out C. settled down D. went by
6. A. relations B.volumes C.benefts D. sources
7. A. useful B. simple C. flexible D.stable
8. A. call for B.yield to C.insist on D. act as
9. A. As well as B. In terms of C.Thanks to D. Rather than
10. A. connected B. shared C.represented D. occupied
11.A. allow B. expect C. require D. direct
12.A. adopt B. Lead C.clear D.change
13. A. adapting to B. deriving from C.relying on D. pointing at
14.A. Once B. Since C.Unless D. Although
15. A. records B. positions C. principles D.reasons
16. A. controls B.analyses C.produces D.mixes
17. A. decorate B. compare C. protect D. complement
18. A. In conclusion B. By contrast C.For example D. Above all
19. A. identify B.suit C. secure D. include
20. A. appropriate B. obvious C.impressive D. delicate
答案
【答案】D
【解析】根据文意，自动门不需要（without）被触摸就可以打开或关闭。through 通过；despite 尽管；besides 除了…… 之外（还有），均不符合文意。
【答案】C
【解析】自动门对于改善（improving）残疾人进入建筑物的通道以及为商业建筑提供普遍的便利（convenience）是必不可少的。reveal 揭示；demand 要求；trace 追踪，均不符合文意。
【答案】B
【解析】参考上题解析。experience 经验；guidance 指导；reference 参考，均不符合文意。
【答案】A
【解析】自动滑动门在 1960 年作为一种商业产品出现，此前（previously）六年由美国人 Dee Horton 和 Lew Hewitt 发明。temporarily 暂时地；successively 连续地；eventually 最终，均不符合文意。
【答案】B
【解析】它们最初（started out）是作为一个新奇的特征，但随着它们的使用增加，它们的好处（benefits）也在我们这个技术先进的世界中得到了扩展。hold on 坚持；settle down 安定下来；go by 经过，均不符合文意。
【答案】C
【解析】参考上题解析。relation 关系；volume 音量；source 来源，均不符合文意。
【答案】A
【解析】在繁忙的地点或紧急情况下特别有用（useful），这些门通过减少人们前进道路上的障碍来协助人群管理。simple 简单的；flexible 灵活的.；stable 稳定的，均不符合文意。
【答案】D
【解析】参考上题解析。call for 要求；yield to 屈服于；insist on 坚持，均不符合文意。
【答案】A
【解析】这些门不仅（As well as）使人们进出建筑物更容易，而且许多门打开的方式不同，有助于减少它们所占用（occupied）的总面积。in terms of 就…… 而言；thanks to 多亏；rather than 而不是，均不符合文意。
【答案】D
【解析】参考上题解析。connect 连接；share 分享；represent 代表，均不符合文意。
【答案】A
【解析】这些门允许（allow）更小的建筑物在内部最大化可用空间，而不必为一个大而突出的门留出空间。expect 期望；require 需要；direct 指导，均不符合文意。
【答案】C
【解析】参考上题解析。adopt 采取；lead 领导；change 改变，均不符合文意。
【答案】C
【解析】有许多不同类型的自动门，每一种都依赖（relying on）特定的信号来告诉它们何时打开。adapt to 适应；derive from 源自；point at 指着，均不符合文意。
【答案】D
【解析】尽管（Although）这些方法不同，但主要原则（principles）是相同的。once 一旦；since 自从；unless 除非，均不符合文意。
【答案】C
【解析】参考上题解析。record 记录；position 位置；reason 理由，均不符合文意。
【答案】B
【解析】每个自动门系统都会分析（analyses）附近的光线、声音、重量或运动作为开门的信号。control 控制；produce 生产；mix 混合，均不符合文意。
【答案】D
【解析】传感器类型的选择是为了补充（complement）它们所需的不同环境。decorate 装饰；compare 比较；protect 保护，均不符合文意。
【答案】C
【解析】例如（For example），一条繁忙的街道可能不适合使用运动传感器门，因为它会不断地为行人开门。in conclusion 总之；by contrast 相比之下；above all 首先，均不符合文意。
【答案】B
【解析】参考上题解析。identify 识别；secure 保护；include 包括，均不符合文意。
【答案】A
【解析】压敏垫会更合适（appropriate），因为它可以限制检测区域。obvious 明显的；impressive 令人印象深刻的；delicate 精致的，均不符合文意。
硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案 2
How automatic door mechanisms work
There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. Without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general convenience to commercial buildings.
Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years previously by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They started out as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown their benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly useful in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’ way.
As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area occupied by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these allow smaller buildings to maximize the usable space inside without the need to clear the way for a large, protruding door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each relying on specific signals to tell them when to open. Although these methods differ, the main principles remain the same.
Each automatic door system analyses the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to complement the different environments they are needed in. For example, a busy street might not suit a motion-censored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more appropriate to limit the surveyed area.
Text 1
Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.
Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.
Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.
The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more effcient ways to turn steel into nails.
Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they havent changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.
"I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing Ive leamt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticaled technologics that get all the hype, its the cheap technologies that change the world.
The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost - and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper. Solar pancls had a few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global cnergy system.
21. The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of__
A. saving them for future use.
B. keeping them from rusting.
C. letting them grow in value.
D. hiding them from the locals.
22. The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to
A. highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.
B. illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.
C.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.
Dshow the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.
23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?
A. Increased productivity.
B. Wider use of new energies.
CFiercer market competition.
D.Reduced cost of raw materials.
24. It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails
A. have undergone many technological improvements.
B. have remained basically the same since Roman times.
C. are less studied than other everyday products.
D. are one of the worlds most significant inventions.
25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?
A. Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.
B. Technological innovation is integral to economic success.
C.Technology defines peoples understanding of the world.
D. Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.
21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of ________.
D. hiding them from the locals.
21.问题：古罗马人埋藏钉子可能是为了______。
A. 为了将来使用而保存它们。
B. 防止它们生锈。
C. 让它们增值。
D. 不让当地人发现。
答案：D
解析：根据文章第二段“The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.”（可能的解释是撤退很匆忙，他们不想让当地的卡利多尼亚人得到10吨军用级铁。）可以推断，古罗马人埋藏钉子的主要原因是为了防止当地人获取这些可用于制造武器的铁质钉子。因此，选项D“不让当地人发现”是正确的。
22.问题：17世纪初弗吉尼亚人的例子被用来______。
A. 强调早期美国殖民者的节俭。
B. 说明那个时期铁匠的高地位。
C. 对比不同文明对钉子的态度。
D. 展示当时制钉技术的珍贵。
答案：D
解析：根据文章第三段“Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes.”（后来的文明更加重视制钉中铁匠的技艺，甚至超过了对原材料的重视。Roma Agrawal在她的新书《螺母和螺栓》中解释说，17世纪初的弗吉尼亚人如果打算搬家，有时会烧掉他们的房子。这是为了回收珍贵的钉子，这些钉子可以在筛过灰烬后重复使用。）可以推断，这个例子被用来展示当时制钉技术的珍贵，因为人们甚至会为了回收钉子而烧掉整个房子。因此，选项D“展示当时制钉技术的珍贵”是正确的。
23.问题：18世纪末以后，什么在降低钉子价格方面起了主要作用？
A. 提高了生产力。
B. 更广泛地使用新能源。
C. 更激烈的市场竞争。
D. 降低了原材料成本。
答案：A
解析：根据文章第四段“According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.”（据Sichel说，尽管钉子价格下降的部分原因是铁和能源更便宜，但大部分功劳要归功于那些只是找到了更高效地将钢制成钉子的方法的钉子制造商。）可以推断，18世纪末以后，提高的生产力（即制造商找到了更高效的生产方法）在降低钉子价格方面起了主要作用。因此，选项A“提高了生产力”是正确的'。
24.问题：从第五段可以得知，钉子______。
A. 经历了许多技术改进。
B. 自罗马时代以来基本保持不变。
C. 比其他日常用品研究得更少。
D. 是世界上最重大的发明之一。
答案：B
解析：根据文章第五段“Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they havent changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails.”（钉子本身这些年来已经发生了变化，但Sichel研究它们是因为它们并没有发生太大的变化。罗马灯和罗马战车与LED灯带和跑车截然不同，但罗马钉子仍然是明显的钉子。）可以推断，自罗马时代以来，钉子在基本形态上并没有发生太大的变化。因此，选项B“自罗马时代以来基本保持不变”是正确的。
25.问题：以下哪一项最能概括最后两段？
A. 廉价技术带来革命性变革。
B. 技术创新是经济成功的关键。
C. 技术定义了人们对世界的理解。
D. 复杂技术从小发明中发展而来。
答案：A
解析：最后两段主要讲述了廉价技术（如纸张和太阳能电池板）如何带来革命性变革，并指出是这些廉价技术改变了世界。因此，选项A“廉价技术带来革命性变革”最能概括这两段的内容。选项B虽然提到了技术创新，但并未强调廉价技术的重要性；选项C和D与这两段的内容不相关。因此，选项A是正确的。
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