英语语法知识点

时间:2024-05-31 17:27:49 英语语法 我要投稿

英语语法知识点实用【15篇】

  在日复一日的学习中,大家都背过不少知识点,肯定对知识点非常熟悉吧!知识点是知识中的最小单位,最具体的内容,有时候也叫“考点”。想要一份整理好的知识点吗?下面是小编帮大家整理的英语语法知识点,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

英语语法知识点实用【15篇】

英语语法知识点1

  很多人都有看过美国电影,其实看电影学习英语也是不错的方式,可以保持对学习的新鲜感,搭配字幕观看,还有助于记忆单词,帮助纠正不良的口语习惯。

  听英文歌也是很多人都喜欢做的事,它也可以帮助我们学习英语,可以学习歌词中单词的连接以及如何将语句写的通顺并且有美感,还可以锻炼英文写作能力。

  也可以看原声新闻和听广播电,节目中主持人和播报原都经过专业训练,英语读音规范化,听的.过程中可以学习语句的发音特点以及单词的使用,对于英语口语训练有很大的帮助。

  英语的学习在日常生活中也会用到。最开始说英语可能会说的不好但是要有信心,你只有将其表达出来,才会发现自己的不足并去弥补。

  做任何事情都要坚持,尤其是语言学习,在语言学习中如果间断,知识会出现遗漏。对单词的记忆会模糊,句子表达不准确,所以要每天给自己制定目标坚持下去。

  单词是英语学习的基础,背诵单词需要每天计划好背诵量,将不熟悉的单词记录下来第二天再进行学习。学习一段时间后可以给自己来个小测验,温故而知新。

英语语法知识点2

  (1)指示代词分单数和复数两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

  单数复数

  限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.

  代词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

  (2)指示代词的句法功能;

  a.作主语

  This is the way to do it.

  这事儿就该这样做。

  b.作宾语

  I like this better than that.

  我喜欢这个甚至那个。

  c.作主语补语

  My point is this.

  我的观点就是如此。

  d.作介词宾语

  I dont say no to that.

  我并未拒绝那个。

  There is no fear of that.

  那并不可怕。

英语语法知识点3

  英语语法知识:It be time +(that)从句

  在英语里,“It be time +(that)从句”是一个较为常用的句型,它表示“该做……的时候了”的意思。该句型属于主从复合句的一种;其主句部分为"It be time",从句部分的连词that可以省略。以下从三个方面简要谈谈这一句型。

  一、time前面的修饰语

  句型“It be time +(that)从句”通常暗示“有点迟了”,为了强调这一含义,可以在time的前面加形容词high.例如:

  It's high time we started.

  It is high time that more women ran the arts.

  为了使语气得到进一步的加强,还可以在high的前面加certainly, more than等副词或词组:

  It is certainly high time that we ordered dinner.

  形容词full也可以加在time的前面,用来加强语气。例如:

  It's full time you had a nice day.

  It is full time that boy went to herding.

  time前面还可以加about,这时句型所表达的意思是“早该……”。例如:

  It's about time we started.

  It's about time I settled down.

  上面两例中的about可以用getting来代替,句意不变;这可以视为句型“It be time +(that)从句”的一种变体。

  二、从句中的动词形式

  在“(that)从句”中,动词形式通常是一般过去时。这是一种奇特而有趣的语言现象,即用假设的过去时来代替实际的将来时。从英语史的角度来看,从句中的动词形式用过去时原是属虚拟语气;但从语言发展的观点来看,目前这种动词形式视为陈述语气比较合适。

  著名语言学家夸克(R. Quirk)教授等人在1985年出版的《英语语法大全》一书中认为,“(that)从句”的动词形式一定要用“假设的过去时”。他们举了一例:It's time I was in bed.其实,动词形式除常用过去时外,也可以用其他时态和语态(用何种形式应视情况而定)。正如著名语言学家周海中教授在1988年发表的《探讨“It be time (that)…”句型》一文中所言:在现代英语里,“(that)从句”中的动词形式一般用过去时,这是基本规则;有时也可以用其他的动词形式,但应视为特殊用法。他在其文中列举了大量实例,用于论证和说明。

  1.用were型虚拟语气。例如:

  It's high time I were hence. (W. Shakespeare)

  It's time I were gone. (A. Tennyson)

  由于英语的发展,虚拟语气与陈述语气之间的区别正在逐渐消失。基于这种情况,虚拟语气的were也正在逐渐地代替陈述语气的was.

  2.用be型虚拟语气。例如:

  You reckon I be found anywhere with him, time he start belle ring. (W. Faulkner)

  It is time that more of the research dollars now devoted to cure be diverted to finding new and more humane ways of curing that will make a cancer patient's remaining years happier, more comfortable, and more productive. (Science, 1984, Vol. 5, No.7)

  动词形式用be型虚拟语气是古英语的用法。目前,这一用法在英国英语中已“日薄西山”,而在美国英语中却有“东山再起”之势,但主要见于正式文体。

  3.借助情态动词should

  It's time this heart should be unmoved. (G. Byron)

  It may be time that I should meet with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this. (C. Dickens)

  上面用法主要见于文学作品,尤其是英国人写的。

  4.用过去进行时。例如:

  It's time we were leaving. (H. Maclnnes)

  It's time we were getting home. (E. O'Neil)

  上面用法通常是一些表示位置转移的动作动词。

  5.用一般现在时。例如:

  It is high time that the U. S. realizes it cannot continue to hide its head in the sand, for the sand has started to blow. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 1979)

  “It is time that the burden of Reaganomics is shared by those in the upper-income groups,” 0'Neill declared. (Time, Jun. 20, 1983)

  上面用法主要见于美国英语,尤其在新闻文体里。这是一种值得关注的语言现象。

  6.用完成时。例如:

  It's time that reduction in force has finally hit the federal government also. (U. S. News and World Report, Mar. 15, 1982)

  Fooleries! Pshaw! It's time you'd done with fooleries. (G. Eliot)

  上面用法也是一种值得关注的语言现象。

  三、句型中的省略现象

  在口语中,可以把句型“It be time +(that)从句”中的."It be"省略。例如:

  High time we left. (J. Linsay)

  Time we were going. (M. Hammonds)

  在一定的上下语境中,也可以把句型中的“(that)从句”省略。例如:

  This program goes in that direction, and I believe it's time. (T. Wicker)

  在特定的语境里,甚至还可以把句型中的"It be"和“(that)从句”都省掉,意义仍然是显豁的;不过,这时time前面要用high来修饰,其后面常跟副词too,该词只是用来加强语气,并无具体意义。例如:

  He's gone back to work.—— High time, too! (Longman Dictionary of English Idioms)

  顺带一提,句型“It be the +序数词+ time +(that)从句”与句型“It be time +(that)从句”在结构上有点相似,但它们在句意上是完全不同的。前者也是主从复合句,当其主句的be用一般现在时,从句的动词形式通常为现在完成时,it可以用this来代替;当其主句的be用一般过去时,从句的动词形式通常为过去完成时,it可以用that 来代替。例如:

  It/This is the first time (that) I have seen him.

  It/That was the third time (that) I had been there.

英语语法知识点4

  1. 〔误〕 He became a writter at his twenties 〔正〕 He became a writter in his twenties

  〔析〕这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。

  2. 误〕 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day. 〔正〕 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.

  〔析〕 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如:on New Years Day

  3. 〔误〕 Im looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. 〔正〕 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.

  〔析〕在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。

  4. 误 I havent see you during the summer holidays. 正 I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. 〔析〕 during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:I havent see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。

  5. 〔误〕 At entering the classroom, I heard the good news. 〔正〕 On entering the classroom, I heard the good news. 〔析〕 On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:on hearing… 一听见, on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)

  6. 〔误〕 In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories. 〔正〕 At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories. 〔析〕 at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end=at last是指"最终,终于"之意。

  7. 〔误〕 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 〔正〕 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 〔析〕 by 引起的'时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:Ill be there by five oclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:I wont finish this work till(until) next weekend.

  8. 〔误〕 He came to London before last weekend. 〔正〕 He had come to London before last weekend.

  〔正〕 He came to London two weeks ago. 〔析〕 before 一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。

  9. 〔误〕I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.正 I have studied English for three years since I came here. 析 since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态

  10. 〔误〕 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours. 〔正〕 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours. 〔析〕中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after 多用于过去时,如:I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。

英语语法知识点5

  1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

  2.构成:关联词+简洁句

  3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:

  〔1〕附属连词that。如:The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

  〔2〕附属连词whether,as,as if。如:He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

  注:附属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:All this was over twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的`事了,但犹如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。

  〔3〕连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

  解释:

  1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。

  2.在一些表示"建议、劝告、指令'的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:My suggestion is that we 〔should〕start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

英语语法知识点6

  名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

  一、引导名词性从句的连接词

  1. 连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which.有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

  2. 连接副词:when, where, why, how.有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。

  3. 连接词:that, whether, if, as if.that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。

  注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。

  二、主语从句

  1. 主语从句在复合句作主语。

  e.g. Who will go is not important.

  2. 用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。

  e.g. It doesn‘t matter so much whether you will come or not.

  3. that引导主语从句时,不能省略。

  e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

  三、表语从句

  1. 表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。

  e.g. The question was who could go there.

  2. 引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

  e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

  四、宾语从句

  1. 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

  e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.

  2. 介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或 whether.

  e.g. I’m interested in whether you‘ve finished the work……

  I’m interested in what you‘ve said.

  3. whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

  (1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether.

  e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

  (2)用if 会引起误解,就要用whether.

  e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)

  (3)宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。

  e.g. I don‘t know whether or not the report is true.

  I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.

  (4)介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether.

  e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.

  They don‘t know whether to go there.

  Please come to see me if you have time.

  五、同位语从句

  同位语从句在句中作某一名词的`同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。

  e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.

  The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

英语语法知识点7

  1.非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。

  2.非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。

  3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。

  4.不定式与动名词,动名词与现在分词,现在分词与过去分词,分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。

  5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点。

  6.过去分词作定语,不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。

  7.不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等。

  8.带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。

  考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别

  英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分,而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清,把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆,做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病,关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如:

  1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.

  根据句子结构,我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children,谓语部分是will go on the stage,动词play显然在句中不作谓语,应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行,可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children,意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”,因而正确答案为playing。

  考点二、考查作状语的'非谓语动词的辨析

  作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析,即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语,不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语,两者不同之处在于:现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,它们之间的关系是主动关系,而过去分词作状语时,虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语,但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题:

  1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.

  A) To get B) To have got

  C) Getting D) Have got

  一般来说,在句子中没有连接词的情况下,逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此,首先可以确定这是一个简单句,非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系,以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,没有明显的先后顺序,可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”,故正确答案为C。

  考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨

  非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语,但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么,两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系,特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道,当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候,一般来说,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,那么,当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题:

  1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.

  2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.

  这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语,而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语,即“是末班车开走了,而不是我们走了”,“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”,这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。

英语语法知识点8

  1、动词be(is,am,are)的用法

  我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。

  2、this,that和it用法

  (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。

  (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:

  This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)

  (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:

  This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

  (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如:

  This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。

  (5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:

  This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

  (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:

  —Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?

  —Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?

  注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

  (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:

  ①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?—Yes, it is.是的,它是。

  ②—What’s that?那是什么?—It’s a kite.是只风筝。

  3、these和those用法

  this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

  ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

  ②These pictures are good.那些画很好。

  ③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?

  在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:

  ④Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?

  Yes, they are.是的,他们是。

  4、名词+’s所有格

  单数名词后直接加“ ’s ”:

  Jim’s coat吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈

  ’以s结尾的复数名词,只加“”

  Teachers’ Day教师节the twins’ books双胞胎的书

  不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ”

  Children’s Day儿童节men’s shoes男式鞋

  表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s

  Lucy and Lily’s mother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)

  表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s

  Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)

  5、There be句型

  (1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:

  There is a book on the desk.There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。

  On the desk there is a book.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:

  (2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:

  Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:

  ①There is a tree behind the house.

  ②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).

  ③There are some pears in the box.

  (3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:

  ①There is a book and some pens on the floor.

  ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.

  6、like一词的用法

  like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。

  (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:

  I like the baby very much.我非常喜欢这个小孩。

  (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:

  Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足球。

  (3)后接动词不定式(to do),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:

  I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。

  7、句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素

  (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。

  She is a girl. →They are girls.如:

  I’m a student. →We are students.

  (2)am,is要变为are。如:

  He is a boy. →They are boys.

  (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:

  It is an apple. →They are apples.

  (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:

  This is a box. →These are boxes.

  8、英语日期的表示法

  英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。

  用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,20xx(20xx年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,20xx(20xx年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。

  9、时间的表达法

  (1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字

  7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

  (2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)

  1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

  (3)12小时制

  6:00 a.m.上午6点8:20 p.m.下午8点20分

  (4)24小时制

  13:00 13点钟22:15 22点15分

  (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six

  (6)时间前通常用at.

  at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

  10、want用法

  (1)想干什么用want to do sth

  They want to join the sports club.他们想加入运动俱乐部。

  (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化

  ①He wants to play basketball.

  ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.

  (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.

  ①-Do you want to play soccer ball ?-Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

  ②-Does he want to go home by bus ?-Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t

  二、初一英语易错知识点归类例析

  英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。

  [第一类]名词类

  1、这些女老师们在干什么?

  [误] What are the woman teachers doing?

  [正] What are the women teachers doing?

  [析]在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women.

  2、房间里有多少人?

  [误] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

  3、我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

  [误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

  [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

  [析]表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of +不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

  [第二类]动词类

  4、你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

  [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

  [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

  [析]借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。

  5、琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。

  [误] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.

  [析]在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的'动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式构成。

  6、这双鞋是红色的。

  [误] This pair of shoes are red.

  [正] This pair of shoes is red.

  [析]在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

  [第三类]代词类

  7、这张票是她的,不是我的。

  [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

  [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

  [析]物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

  8、吴老师教我们英语。

  [误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

  [第四类]介词类

  9、你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

  [误] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析]英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door,the way to the zoo等。

  10、格林先生星期六上午来这里。

  [误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.

  [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.

  [析]表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.

  11、那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

  [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [析]用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。

  [第五类]副词类

  12、莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?

  [误] Lily,why don’t you go to home?[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?

  [析] come,go等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。

  [第六类]连词类

  13、我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。

  [误] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.and history.

  [正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.or history.

  [析]在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。

  [第七类]冠词类

  14、乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。

  [误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

  [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

  [析]

  1、表示“……一家人”用结构“the +姓氏复数”;

  2、our一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用an hour;

  3、用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。

  [第八类]句法类

  15、――你不是学生吗?――不,我是学生。

  [误] ――Aren’t you a student?――No,I am.

  [正] ――Aren’t you a student?――Yes,I am.

  [析]对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

英语语法知识点9

  1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

  2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn't) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren't) ⑶带有was或were的'句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

  3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn't +动词原形,如:Jim didn't go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句: ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

英语语法知识点10

  1. when 引导的状语从句

  (1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

  例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

  when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

  例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

  When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

  2. that 引导的宾语从句

  名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

  例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

  I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

  3. which 引导的主语从句。

  例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

  4.过去完成时和过去将来时

  (1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的过去。 ①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的`某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

  (2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

  5. there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

英语语法知识点11

  来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如:

  He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。

  I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。

  Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗?

  在宾语从句中须注意:

  1. that 在口语中常被省略,但在正式的文体中,不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如:

  I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。

  I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身体舒服,我愿做任何事情来帮助你。

  2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时,一般须用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句放到句末,此时的that不能省。如:

  The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。

  3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,即:(should) do的形式。

  He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。

  The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。

  4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。

  1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如:

  He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的'好朋友。

  When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时,他会说我们做了一件好事。

  2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时,从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如:

  He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。

  He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。

  3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,而不受时间的限制时,即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如

  Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。

  When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候,人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。

英语语法知识点12

  句子的主谓宾

  [1]Therebe句型,接真正主语,介词短语放后面,这儿有什么东西在什么地方

  ①这儿有十支铅笔在蓝色的盒子里。Therearetenpencilsinthebluebox.

  ②这儿有足够的铅笔。Thereareenoughpencils.

  ③这儿有很多的书在桌子上。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.

  ④这儿有一台电脑在我的.房间里。Thereisacomputerinmyroom.

  ⑤这儿有足够的T裇衫给孩子们。ThereareenoughtheT-shirtsforchild.

  ⑥树上有许多小鸟。Therearemanybirdsinthetree.

  ⑦树上有许多香蕉。Therearemanybananasonthetree.(在树上长的果实用on)

英语语法知识点13

  一、考查结构词的选择与使用

  强调句的基本结构是It+be+被强调成分+that (who)…,其中的结构词it 和that (who)为高考英语考查强调句时最常考查的考点。如:

  1. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but _________ is how she does it that I object to.

  A. it B. that C. this D. which

  【解析】答案选A。此题考查it is ...that…这一强调句句型。句意为:我不介意她批评 我,我反对的是她批评我的方式。句中空格处填强调句结构词it。

  2. It is not who is right but what is right _________ is of importance.

  A. which B. it C. that D. this

  【解析】答案选C。此题考查it is…that…这一强调句式,被强调的是not who is right but what is right,全句意为:重要的不是谁是对的,而是什么才是对的。句中空格处填强调句 结构词that。

  二、考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式

  强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解,但若以特殊疑问句形式出现,则很容易 误解。比较:

  Jim told us the news.(非强调句)

  It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)

  Was it Jim that told us the news?(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)

  Who was it that told us the news?(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)

  特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的`被强调成分提问得来,如对It was yesterday that he arrived. 这一句中的yesterday提问,即得到When was it that he arrived?

  请看高考真题:

  1. I just wonder _________ that makes him so excited.

  A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

  【解析】答案选D。注意what it is that makes him so excited为宾语从句,用作动词wonder 的宾语。如果去掉主句I just wonder将原句改为疑问句则是:What is it that makes him so excited?

  2.— _________ that he manage to get the information?

  —Oh, a friend of his helped him.

  A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it

  【解析】答案选C 。由答语的内容可知,空格处应填how。

  三、考查not…until…句式的强调句形式

  not...until用于强调句型时的基本形式为It is (was) not until…that…。如:

  1. It _________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _________ I found we had a lot in common.

  A. was until; when B. was until; that

  C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that

  【解析】答案选D。此题考查not…until…句式的强调形式。又如:It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她取下墨 镜,我才意识到她是一位著名影星。

  2. It was not until she got home _________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

  A. when B. that C. where D. before

  【解析】答案选B。考查not…until…句式的强调形式。又如:It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正体会到幸福。

  四、考查强调句与非强调句的辨别

  1. It will soon be five years _________ we came to live in Cairo.

  A. that B. when C. since D. as

  【解析】答案选C。此题不是考查强调句型,而是考查since的用法,句意为我们来到开 罗居住快五年了。又如:It is two years since he left the country. 他离开这个国家已经两 年了。/ It’s quite some time since we wrote to each other. 我们互相通信已有不少时间了 。

  2. Was it here _________ you were away talking to a friend? Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.

  A. that B. while C. which D. where

  【解析】答案选B。此题不是考查强调句型,而是考查while的用法,while在此表示在 ……期间,句意为:当你离开去跟朋友说话的时候它在这儿吗?

英语语法知识点14

  1.Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?

  No,___ only the two passengers who got hurt.

  A. it was B. there is

  C. it were D. there was

  2. ---Who is making so much noise in the garden? --- ___ the children.

  A. It is B. They are

  C. That is D . There are

  3. It was ___she was about to go out ___the telephone rang.

  A. when that B. so; that

  C. before; then D. when; before

  4.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.

  A. what; that B. that; what

  C. that; when D. it; when

  5.____ that silver is not widely used as a conductor?

  A. Why is B. Is it why

  C. Why is it D. Why is that

  6.I can’t find Mr. Smith .Where did you meet him this morning? It was in the hotel ___ he stayed.

  A. that B which

  C. the one D. where

  7.It was in the small house ___was built with stones

  by his father ___ he spent his childhood.

  A. which; that B. that where

  C, which; which D. that; which

  8.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.

  A. since B .for

  C. as D. because

  9.Is ____three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot?

  A .it that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose

  C. it for that it takes; whose D. it; when that

  10.It was his wife___ left him without saying goodbye.

  A. who B .which

  C .when D. in which

  11. It is on a winter night ___he spent with me last night.

  A. that B. where

  C. as D .when

  12 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.

  A.that; who B.that; they

  C. they that D they which

  13.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.

  A. where; that B. where; where

  C .that; that D. that where

  14.It was in the evening__we reached the little town of Winchester.

  A that B. until

  C. since D. before

  15.It was not until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

  A. that; what B. that; that

  C. when; what D. when; that

  16.It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ,not where you come from or what you are.

  A. one B. that C .what D. it

  17. I don’t know ____ that you stay here.

  A. how long it is B. how long is it

  C. it is how long D. is it how long

  18.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

  A. we being late B. our being late

  C. we were too late D. because we were late

  19.---what was the party like?

  ---Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.

  A. after B. before C .that D. since

  20.Why! I have nothing to confess(承认). ____you want me to say.

  A.What is it that B.What it is that

  C.How is it that D. How it is that

  【答案】

  1~10 AAAAC DADBA

  11~20 ACAAA BABDB

英语语法知识点15

  一、不定式做主语:

  1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词ding 表示习惯的,经常的动作。

  e.g: T finish the building in a nth is difficult.

  T d such things is flish.

  T see is t believe. (对等)

  注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数

  2). 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

  it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:

  (1)It is/was +ad.+f sb. t d…

  (2) It is +ad.+fr sb.+t d…

  It is eas / difficult / hard / flish / unwise / right / wrng / unnecessar

  (3) it is +a +名词+ t d...

  It is a pit / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ne’s dut / an hnr / a shae / a crie / n eas b… t d

  It taes (sb.) se tie / curage / patience …t d…

  It requires curage / patience / hard wr… t d…

  *注意: prbable 和 pssible 均可作表语,但pssible可以用不定式作真实主语, 而prbable不能用不定式作真实主语。

  It is prbable fr hi t ce t the eeting.(错)

  It is pssible fr hi t ce t the eeting.

  It is pssible / prbable that he will ce t the eeting.

  二、不定式做表语

  主语是以ai dut hpe idea intentin plan b suggestin wish purpse tas 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示,后面的.不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。

  eg :M idea is t clib the untain fr the nrth.

  ur istae was nt t write that letter.

  What I wuld suggest is t start wr at nce.

  三 、动词不定式作宾语

  以不定式结构为宾语的动词有:

  as, agree, care, chse, deand, decide, expect, fail, help, hpe, learn, anage, ffer, plan, prepare, pretend, prise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语

  口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)

  想要学习 早打算( want learn plan)

  快准备 有希望( prepare hpe wish expect)

  同意否 供选择(agree ffer chse)

  决定了 已答应(decide be deterined prise)

  尽力去 着手做(anage undertae)

  别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend)

  失败不是属于你(fail)

  e.g.T refused t lend e his pen.

  We hpe t get there befre dar.

  The girl decided t d it herself.

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