英语语法知识点

时间:2024-05-21 17:53:31 英语语法 我要投稿

英语语法知识点

  在学习中,相信大家一定都接触过知识点吧!知识点是知识中的最小单位,最具体的内容,有时候也叫“考点”。那么,都有哪些知识点呢?以下是小编为大家整理的英语语法知识点,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语语法知识点

英语语法知识点1

  1、动词be(is,am,are)的用法

  我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。

  2、this,that和it用法

  (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。

  (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:

  This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)

  (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:

  This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

  (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如:

  This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。

  (5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:

  This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

  (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:

  —Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?

  —Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?

  注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

  (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:

  ①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?—Yes, it is.是的,它是。

  ②—What’s that?那是什么?—It’s a kite.是只风筝。

  3、these和those用法

  this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

  ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

  ②These pictures are good.那些画很好。

  ③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?

  在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:

  ④Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?

  Yes, they are.是的,他们是。

  4、名词+’s所有格

  单数名词后直接加“ ’s ”:

  Jim’s coat吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈

  ’以s结尾的.复数名词,只加“”

  Teachers’ Day教师节the twins’ books双胞胎的书

  不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ”

  Children’s Day儿童节men’s shoes男式鞋

  表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s

  Lucy and Lily’s mother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)

  表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s

  Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)

  5、There be句型

  (1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:

  There is a book on the desk.There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。

  On the desk there is a book.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:

  (2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:

  Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:

  ①There is a tree behind the house.

  ②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).

  ③There are some pears in the box.

  (3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:

  ①There is a book and some pens on the floor.

  ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.

  6、like一词的用法

  like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。

  (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:

  I like the baby very much.我非常喜欢这个小孩。

  (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:

  Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足球。

  (3)后接动词不定式(to do),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:

  I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。

  7、句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素

  (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。

  She is a girl. →They are girls.如:

  I’m a student. →We are students.

  (2)am,is要变为are。如:

  He is a boy. →They are boys.

  (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:

  It is an apple. →They are apples.

  (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:

  This is a box. →These are boxes.

  8、英语日期的表示法

  英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。

  用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,20xx(20xx年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,20xx(20xx年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。

  9、时间的表达法

  (1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字

  7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

  (2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)

  1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

  (3)12小时制

  6:00 a.m.上午6点8:20 p.m.下午8点20分

  (4)24小时制

  13:00 13点钟22:15 22点15分

  (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six

  (6)时间前通常用at.

  at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

  10、want用法

  (1)想干什么用want to do sth

  They want to join the sports club.他们想加入运动俱乐部。

  (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化

  ①He wants to play basketball.

  ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.

  (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.

  ①-Do you want to play soccer ball ?-Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

  ②-Does he want to go home by bus ?-Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t

  二、初一英语易错知识点归类例析

  英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。

  [第一类]名词类

  1、这些女老师们在干什么?

  [误] What are the woman teachers doing?

  [正] What are the women teachers doing?

  [析]在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women.

  2、房间里有多少人?

  [误] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

  3、我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

  [误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

  [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

  [析]表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of +不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

  [第二类]动词类

  4、你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

  [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

  [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

  [析]借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。

  5、琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。

  [误] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.

  [析]在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式构成。

  6、这双鞋是红色的。

  [误] This pair of shoes are red.

  [正] This pair of shoes is red.

  [析]在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

  [第三类]代词类

  7、这张票是她的,不是我的。

  [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

  [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

  [析]物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

  8、吴老师教我们英语。

  [误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

  [第四类]介词类

  9、你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

  [误] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析]英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door,the way to the zoo等。

  10、格林先生星期六上午来这里。

  [误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.

  [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.

  [析]表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.

  11、那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

  [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [析]用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。

  [第五类]副词类

  12、莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?

  [误] Lily,why don’t you go to home?[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?

  [析] come,go等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。

  [第六类]连词类

  13、我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。

  [误] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.and history.

  [正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.or history.

  [析]在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。

  [第七类]冠词类

  14、乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。

  [误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

  [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

  [析]

  1、表示“……一家人”用结构“the +姓氏复数”;

  2、our一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用an hour;

  3、用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。

  [第八类]句法类

  15、――你不是学生吗?――不,我是学生。

  [误] ――Aren’t you a student?――No,I am.

  [正] ――Aren’t you a student?――Yes,I am.

  [析]对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

英语语法知识点2

  1.介词:介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,必须在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份。

  介词后面的名词(或相当于名词的其它词)叫做介词的宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语。

  介词如:in在…里面on在…上面under在…下面等。

  intheclassroom inthetree inthehall

  ontheroad onthedesk onthefloor

  underthetable underthebed underthechair

  2.连词:连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句子中不能单独作句子成分。连词分两类:一类叫等立连词,另一类叫从属连词。

  (1).等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的。等立连词有许多

  我们现在只学到了and和but,其他的以后学到再介绍。

  如:AandB;blueandwhite;anappleandabanana;acarandabus;LucyandBen;BenandKitty;

  Thisisalorryandthat’sadrill.

  Ilikedollsandyoulikerobots.

  (2).从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为

  1)引起名词性从句的`连接词,如:if,that等。

  2)引起壮语从句的连接词,如:when,after,befare等。以后会逐渐学到再介绍。

  3.感叹词:表示说话人的某种感情(惊讶,高兴,痛苦等)的词叫感叹词。感叹词后常用感叹号。常用的感叹词有:oh(表示惊奇或痛苦),ah(表示惊奇或满意),hello(常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂!”),well(表示惊讶,无奈)

  如:Hello.AreyouMary?

  练习:翻译下列词组

  1.在桌子上面 2.在树下面

  3.在椅子上面 4.在盒子里面

  5.在黑板上 6.在书里

  7.在脸上 8.在公共汽车上

  9.一只猫和一只狗. 10.又小又胖

  答案:1.onthedesk 2.underthetree 3.onthechair 4.inthebox 5.ontheblackboard 6.inthebook 7.ontheface 8.onthebus 9.acatandadog 10.smallandfat

英语语法知识点3

  一、一般现在时:

  (1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。)1、标志:often(经常),usually(通常),sometimes(有时),always(总是),never(从不),onSundays(在星期天),everyday/month/year(每一天/月/年)2、结构:(1)主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态(包括Therebe+n.)练习:1.I______(be)astudent.Myname_____(be)Tom.2.Where_____(be)myshoes?They___(be)here.3.Who____(be)thegirlwithlongstraighthair?Ithinkshe___(be)Kate.4.YouandI___(notbe)inClassSix.5.___(be)thereasupermarketontheFifthAvenue?Yes,there_____(be).6.____herparenttall?No,he____.(2)主语(非第三人称单数)+行为动词原形+其他(用助动词do帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问)(3)主语(第三人称单数)+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他(用助动词does帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)行为动词第三人称单数加-s的'形式1.-s2.辅音+y:study-studies3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watchesteach-teaches4特殊have-hasdo-doesgo-goes.1)Hisparents_______(watch)TVeverynight.肯定句1)Mybrother_________(do)homeworkeveryday.2)Hisparents_________(notwatch)everynight.否定句2)Mybrother________(notdo)homeworkeveryday.3)_____hisparents_____(watch)TVeverynight?一般疑3)______yourbrother_____homeworkeveryday?Yes,they_______.No,they_______.Yes,he______.No,he_________.4)When___hisparents_____(watch)TV?特疑4)When_____yourbrother____(do)homework?TheywatchTVeverynight.Hedoeshomeworkeveryday.

  二现在进行时:表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  1、标志:now(现在)listen(看)look(听)2、结构:主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing)现在分词的构成:1.-ing:eat-eating2.辅音字母+e:take-taking3.sit,put,begin,run,swim,stop,get,shop,(双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing.)练习:1.Jim__________________(take)photosintheparknow.2.Jim_________(nottake)intheparknow.3._______________Jim____________(take)photosintheparknow?Yes,he_____.No,he_______.4.Where_________Jim____________photosnow?Inthepark.

  三、情态动词:

  1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形2、主语+can’t/maynot/mustn’t+动词原形3、Can/May/Must+主语+动词原形?4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形?

  四、非谓语动词(是固定搭配)

  like+todo不定式/doing动名词2.wanttodosth.3.lovetodo4.wouldliketodosth.5.enjoydoingsth.6.thanksfordoing7.stopdoingsth8.letsb.dosth.Shewants_____(have)aparty.Doeshelike_______(swim)?Thanksfor_______(enjoy)CCTVshow.Sheneverstops____(talk).

  五.祈使句:

  Gostraightandturnleft/right.GothroughFifthAvenue.Takeataxi(Takeabus,Takeawalk……)

  六.综合练习:

  1.MrGreen_____(be)aworker.Nowhe____(work)inthefield.2.Listen!Who_______(sing)?

  3.Whattime____yourbrotherusually_____(do)hishomework?4.Youcan_______(come)herebybus.5.Who____(have)aruler?6.Arethey_____(clean)theroom?7.-____you____(eat)dinner?–Yes,weare.8.Jack____(have)asoccerball,buthe____(nothave)abasketball.9._______Jim_______(like)______(run)?10.They_____(be)fromCanada.They______(notspeak)Chinese.11.Hewants_________________(be)tall.

英语语法知识点4

  1、 概念

  能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。

  2、 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成

  具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称。如:

  I’m in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?

  3、 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成

  一般疑问句面前人人平等:情态动词与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,所以问题迎刃而解了。如:

  I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗?

  4、 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成

  含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究,要在句首加do;如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式”v-(e)s”时,奉does为座上宾并要变回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如:

  She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗?

  I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

  There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?

  5、 少数口语化的一般疑问句

  如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成”And you?”或”What / How about…?”等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Your pen? 你的钢笔?

  6、 小插曲:一般疑问句的语调

  大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?

  7、 一般疑问句的`应答

  用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am / is / are还是do /does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n’t)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即”Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或do / does.”表示肯定;”No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does not(n’t)。”表示否定。如:

  ① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗?

  -Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。

  ② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗?

  -No, she can’t. / Sorry, I don’t know. 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。

  ③ -Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

  -Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢。

  how 疑问句一家子的“实话实说”

  【王小元】各位观众,大家好!我是英语栏目的主持人王小元。今天,我非常荣幸地请到了how疑问句一家子。有请几位上台!

  (how携how much, how often 等上台。)

  【王小元】how先生,请您给大家做一下自我介绍好吗?

  【how】I am too excited to say a word.

  【王小元】how先生,别激动。Take it easy.

  【how】各位观众,大家好!我叫how, 我主要用来引导特殊疑问句,可以询问身体健康。如:

  How is your mother today? 你妈妈今天身体好吗?

  我还可以询问交通方式。如:

  How does Li Lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎样去学校?

  另外我也可以询问天气。如:

  How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

  【王小元】感谢how先生所做的精彩介绍。大家知道,how后面跟不同的形容词或副词,同样可以引导含义不同的特殊疑问句,如how old, how long, how often 等。下面就请各位踊跃发言。

  【how old】我主要用来询问年龄。如:

  How old is Mr Wang? 王先生多大年龄?

  当然,我也可以用来询问建筑物的年头、历史等。如:

  How old is this bridge? 这座桥有多少年的历史了?

  【how long】我多用来询问长度。如:

  How long is the Yellow River? 黄河有多长?

  【how often】how long, 你怎么不实说实话呢?你忘了你还能询问时间长短呢!如:

  How long does it take you to go to work by bike every day? 你天天骑自行车上班花多长时间?

  【how long】您瞧我这记性。Mr Wang, I am sorry.

  【王小元】That’s all right. how often先生,请你介绍一下自己好吗?

  【how often】我没多大本领,主要用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。如:

  How often do you go to see your grandma? 你多长时间去看你的奶奶?

  【how many】我主要对可数名词的数量进行提问。如:

  How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人?

  【how much】你也就只能提问可数名词的数量吧,问不可数名词的量,可就得看我的了。如:

  How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?

英语语法知识点5

  1、动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动词。

  (1)行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:

  (2)be动词

  a、Am--was Is --was Are--were口诀:我用am,你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。

  b、肯定和否定句

  I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her

  eyes are(not) small.

  c、一般疑问句Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are.

  No,we/ they aren't. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.

  is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。

  was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。

  (3)情态动词

  can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

  2、名词

  这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was。

  如何加后缀:

  a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  c.以"辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  d.以"f或fe"结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives

  e.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

  mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people,

  Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  3、形容词(包括副词

  形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。

  形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。

  未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。

  两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。

  4、人称代词和物主代词

  人称代词物主代词

  单数复数单数复数

  主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(长)

  第一人称I me we us my mine our ours

  第二人称you you you you your yours your yours

  第三人称he him they them his his their theirs

  she her her hers

  it it its its

  人称代词:

  有主格和宾格之分。

  一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。

  物主代词:

  有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)

  一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的`);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。

  5、数量词

  我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。

  6、冠词

  有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。

  六年级英语语法知识点

  be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、

  情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、

  助动词(do、does、did) + not

  如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:

  1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。

  2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。

  3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:

  (1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。

  (2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did

  (3)在助动词后加not。

  (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

  强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。

英语语法知识点6

  指出句中的副词:

  1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther? a little修饰副词“farther”表示程度 farther修饰动词“move”表示方式

  2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修饰动词goes,表示频度、频率

  3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修饰整个句子

  4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修饰形容词,表示程度修饰形容词hot,修饰形容词

  【高考副词主要考点】

  主要题型:选择填空,完形填空,改错

  考点内容:

  1. 副词词义辨析

   Do you think shopping online will ____________ take the place of shopping in stores?

  A.especially B.Frequently C.merely D.finally

  解析:especially 特别,尤其;frequently经常;merely仅仅;finally最终

  根据语境:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?

   I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ___________ said errors like this could be avoided.

  A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly

  解析:mostly 大部分地,通常地;nearly 几乎=almost;rarely 很少地,几乎不;merely 仅仅,只不过

  全句意思:我并没有责怪任何人,我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的” 说类似这种错误是可以避免的”。

  2. 副词短语与习惯用语辨析

   It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting .

  A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much

  【解析】too much+不可数名词 much too+形

   It was a nice house, but _______ too small for a family of five.

  A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty

  【解析】rather too 稍微,一点

  全句意思:这房子不错,但对于五口之家还是稍微小了点。

  It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is______another to play it well yourself.

  A. quite B. very C. rather D. much

  【解析】quite another 另一回事

  全句意思:喜欢听好音乐是一回事,但是自己演奏的好又是另一回事。

  3. 某些副词的.位置

  We only had $100 and that was _______ to buy a new computer.

  A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough

  【辨析】enough做副词时,修饰形容词或副词时应该放在被修饰词的后面adj/adv+enough nowhere near是固定短语,意思是“差得远;远不及” ,相当于一个形容词。

英语语法知识点7

  被动语态

  1.英语中动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态

  主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。

  当我们强调谁是某个动作的执行者,即"谁做了某种事情"时,用主动语态。

  eg:Danielboughtanewcomputer丹尼尔买了一台新电脑。(不是别人)

  如果主语不是动作的执行者,而是动作的承受者时,就是被动语态。

  eg:AnewcomputerwasboughtbyDaniel一台新电脑被丹尼尔买了。

  被动语态的谓语由be+动词的'过去分词构成,其中be是助动词,随时态改变。

  一般现在时的被动语态由"am/is/are+动词的过去分词"构成。

  一般过去时的被动语态由"was/were+动词的过去分词"构成。

英语语法知识点8

  1.主语:

  表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事儿”,一般由名词,代词或相当于名词的词或者短语充当

  例如:Gina is from Australia.

  She often goes to the movies.

  This kind of juice tastes good!

  2.谓语:

  主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两个方面必须保持一致。

  例如:We are both quiet.

  He has a smart phone.

  You should study harder.

  Her parents are teachers.

  3.宾语:

  分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

  例如:He's playing soccer.

  Good food and exercise help me to study harder.

  4.系动词:

  表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。

  This picture looks so beautiful.

  Keep working, you will see the post office on your right.

  5.表语:

  紧跟系动词后面的成分。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由n. adj.或者相当于名词或形容词的.词或者短语,和系动词一起构成谓语。

  例如:Her mother is a bank clerk.

  Are you ready?

  We were at home last night.

  6.定语:

  修饰名词或代词的成分。作定语的出形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或者短语。

  例如:Peel three bananas.

  What's your name, please?

  She's a good basketball player.

  7.状语:

  修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。一般表示行为发生的时间地点目的方式程度等意义。通常有副词、介词短语或相当于的副词的词或短语来表示。

  例如:People are all working hard.

  Beijing is not very cold in winter.

  8.补语:

  分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

  例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.

  你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。

  (You是主语,should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

  This kind of food tastes delicious.

  这种食物吃起来很可口。

  (This kind of food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。)

  注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。

英语语法知识点9

  英语语法顺口溜:定语从句中的定从中的关系副词

  关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠;

  时间用when原因why,地点where经常在;

  定语从句中的关系副词有三个:when, where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。when指时间,where指地点,why表原因。例如:

  I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

  我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天。

  The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

  他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西郊。

  That is the reason why I did the job.

  那就是我为什么干这个活的原因。

  关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;

  关系副词可以由介词加上which来替换。例如:

  1)This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.

  在这句中,where= in which

  2) Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?

  在这句中,when= on which

  3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late.

  在这句中,reason= for which

  关系代,关系代,that与who要除外;

  挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;

  介词后可用关系代词,但只能用which或whom,不能用that和who。那么,这个介词怎么选呢?其一,可以看定语从句中的谓语动词;其二,可以看先行词。例如:

  1) The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has attracted theattention of the public.

  本句中用from 加 which, from与定语从句中的谓语动词搭配,suffer from。

  2) English is a useful tool in which I can communicate with foreignfriends.

  本句中用in加which, 和先行词搭配,先行词表语言,因此用in。

  聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;

  关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;

  它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷;

  关系副词在定语从句中是做状语的,where做地点状语,when做时间状语,why做原因状语,但要特别注意,如果定语从句中所缺的不是状语,而是主语、宾语或表语,就不要用关系副词,而要用关系代词。例如:

  1) I still remember the days _____ we spent together in the mountains lastsummer.

  先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,spent是及物动词,缺宾语,因此不能填when, 而要用关系代词which或that。

  2)This is the house ______ his grandfather once lived in.

  先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,lived in, 明显缺宾语,in是介词,介词后应该有宾语,所以不能填where,而要用which或that。

  3)Is that the reason _______ you explained to the teacher for your beinglate for school?

  先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,explain后应该跟双宾语,缺少一个宾语,因此不能用why, 而要用which或that。

  六年级英语语法

  英语语法顺口溜:定语从句7---As/which/So /such …that

  As/which在句末,若有否定as错;

  as和 which都可指代前面一句话,请看例句:

  1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.

  爱丽丝受到了她老板的邀请,这使她感到吃惊。

  2)The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we couldexpect.

  天气结果变好了,这是我们没有预料到的`。

  若有否定as错;

  3)The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn'texpected.

  A. when B. that C. which D. what

  【简析】答案是C。由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构,只能用which引导,不能用as来替代which。

  句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词;

  置于句首时,非限定性定语从句只能用as引导。例如:

  As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once everymonth.

  众所周知,月亮每月绕地球一周。

  与表示认知猜想的词,如know, expect, see, report, 连用时,要用as。

  1)As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

  我们知道,吸烟对健康有害。

  2)As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.

  正如人们所期望的那样,他的女儿考入了一所重点大学。

  固定结构用as, the same /such/so/as;

  1) 在the same …as….结构中。意思是 “像……一样的”。 例如:

  Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.

  重庆和我们在其它地方看过的城市不一样。

  注意区分: the same ….that….,请看例句:

  This is the same pen that I lost. 这正是我所丢的钢笔。(同一)

  This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。(相似,不是一个)

  2)在as...as结构中,意思是“像……那样的”。例如:

  No period in history has had as many important changes _______ have takenplace in the past century. 没有哪个历史阶段像过去的一个世纪这样有如此多的重大变化。

  3)在such…as…结构中, 意思是“像……那样的”。例如:

  Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought such a diamond necklaceas she had lost to pay back to Jeanne.

  马帝尔德不得不日日夜夜地干活,来买一个像被她丢掉的那样的钻石项链还给让。

  So /such …that宾不离,so/such…as宾要弃;

  在so/such…that结构中,that后引导的不是定语从句,而是状语从句,从句中必须有宾语;在so/such…as结构中,as后引导的是定语从句,从句中不带宾语。

  例如:

  1)He studies in such a good school that all other students in his villageadmire him.

  他在那样好的一所学校学习,以至于村子里其他的学生都很羡慕他。

  解析:that后是状语从句,状语从句中有宾语him。

  2)He studies in such a good school as all other students in his villageadmire.

  他在那样好的一所学校学习,村里的其它学生都很羡慕那所学校。

  解析:as后是定语从句,as代替先行词school,在定语从句中做admire的宾语。

  小学六年级英语单词的语法整理

  here(反义词)there tall (反义词)short big(反义词)small

  black(反义词)white come(反义词)go this(反义词)that

  these(反义词)those yes(反义词)no hot(反义词)cold

  warm(反义词)cool kind(反义词)strict young(反义词)old

  eye(同音词) I know(同音词)no aunt(同音词)aren't

  sun(同音词)son shop(现在分词)shopping take(现在分词)taking

  swim(现在分词)swimming run(现在分词)running love(现在分词)loving

  make(现在分词)making have(现在分词)having write(现在分词)writing

  come(现在分词)coming cloudy(名词)cloud sunny(名词)sun

  Les's(完全形式)Let us mother(口语)mom father(口语)dad

  do not(缩写形式)don't is not(缩写形式)isn't I would(缩写形式)I'd

  are not(缩写形式)aren't he is(缩写形式)he's she is(缩写形式)she's

  it is(缩写形式)it's what is(缩写形式)what's you are(缩写形式)you're

  they are(缩写形式)they're table(近义词)desk hello(近义词)hi

  boy(对应词)girl teacher(对应词)student brother(对应词)sister

  man(对应词)woman my(对应词)your who(物主代词)whose teachers(所有格)teachersfour(后一个词)five snow(形容词)snowy salt(形容词)salty cloud(形容词)cloudlike(第三人称单数)likes

  go(第三人称单数)goes have(第三人称单数)has first(基数词)one(序数词)firstthird(基数词)three(序数词)third second(基数词)two(序数词)second

  去"e"加ing: have(having) write(writing) make(making) like(liking)love(loving) live(living) come(coming) take(taking)

  双写加ing: swim(swimming) rum(running)

英语语法知识点10

  一、if从句省略主语+be

  若if从句的主语与主句主语一致,且if从句的主语后跟有动词be,那么通常可以省略if从句的 主语+be。如:

  If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.= If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.

  如果你被接受担任这个职务,将在一礼拜内给你通知。

  If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.=If you are traveling north, you must change at Leeds.

  如果你是向北行,你必须在里兹换车。

  If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information.=If you are in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information.

  你若有疑问,可以问问医生,他会向你作进一步的说明。

  If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night’s sleep.= If you are about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night’s sleep.

  如果你要长途旅行,晚上就好好睡一觉吧。

  二、惯用表达归纳及用法举例

  1. if any 即使有(任何)……,即使有……

  Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors).

  如有错误就请订正。

  There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him.

  当今记得他的人,如有的话,也不多了。

  2. if anything 如果有什么……的话

  If anything, she works too hard.

  要说的话呢,就是她工作太辛苦了。

  I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.

  我没有生气。如果说我有什么反应的话,那就是我感到有些惊讶。

  3. if anybody (anyone) 若有(任何)人的'话

  If anyone, he knows.

  如果有人知道,那就是他了。

  4. if ever (即使有……也)极少,难得

  He seldom if ever travels abroad.

  他到国外旅行,即使有过,也是极少的。

  He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself.

  他不会,即使有也很少,单独去看电影的。

  5. if necessary 如果有必要的话

  I could come earlier, if necessary.

  如果有必要我可以早点来。

  If necessary, Jim might shorten it.

  如果有必要,吉姆可以把它缩短。

  6. if not 假如不是这样的话;不然的话;否则

  I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday.

  我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。

  Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time?

  问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便的话,那她可不可以提出一个可行的时间-?

  有时not还可修饰另一个词语。如:

  This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest.

  这是城里最古老的建筑之一,如果不是最古老的话。

  His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable.

  他的发音如果说不算好,至少也还过得去。

  7. if possible 如果可能的话

  If possible, let me know beforehand.

  如果可能,可在事前通知我。

  If possible, I wish to go there next summer.

  如果可能,我希望明年夏天去。

  8. if so 假如这样的话

  They think she may try to phone. If so, someone must stay here.

  他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话,就得有人守在这儿。

  Inflation may be rising, if so, prices will go up.

  通货膨涨率可能上升,如果是这样,物价就会上涨。

  注意以下if so与if not连用的情形:

  Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00?

  您要再住一晚吗? 如果是这样,我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是,您能在12点 前离开这房间吗?

  三、一点补充说明

  if省略结构有时不表示条件,而表示让步。如:

  It’s possible, if (it is) difficult.

  这事虽难,但有可能办到。

  His style, if (it is) simple, is pleasant to read.

  他的风格尽管单一,但读起来令人愉快。

英语语法知识点11

  不定冠词

  不定冠词a,an与one同源,表示微弱的一的概念,但并不强调数目,用来表示不确定的人或事物。

  A用在辅音前,而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前,而不是元音字母前。

  a university in Asia

  1.表示同类中的任何一个

  A cat has nine lives.

  2.表示泛指的某人、某物

  I know a John Lennon,but not the famous one.

  3.表示数量的`

  He has a daughter.

  4. 表示单位数量的每一

  I earn 10 dollars an hour.

  5.表示相同的

  The two birds are of a color.

  6. 用于集体名词前

  He grows up in a large family.

英语语法知识点12

  ┃陈述句┃ 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下:

  1.be 动词的否定式:在be动词后面加否定词not。如:We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。

  2.情态动词的否定式:在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如: I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。

  3.实义动词的否定式:借助助动词do/ does构成。一般现在时的句子结构为:主语+doesn't/don't +动词原形+其他。如:He doesn't do exercise every day.他不是每天锻炼。

  ┃疑问句┃ 疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。

  1.一般疑问句:通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如: ―Are you tired? ―Yes, I am.“你累吗?”“是的,我累。”

  2.选择疑问句:指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如: Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜?

  3.特殊疑问句:以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如: What do you like most? 你最喜欢什么?

  4.反意疑问句:反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述 即陈述句 ,后一部分是简短的提问 即简短疑问句 ,中间用逗号隔开。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则,且两部分的人称和时态要一致。

  (1)陈述部分为Let us?时,问句部分习惯上用“will you?”; 陈述部分为Let‘s?时,问句部分习惯上用“shall we?”如: Let us go to the cinema, will you? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?

  (2)陈述部分为“There Here + be + 主语”时,问句部分用“动词+there here ?”形式。如: There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?

  (3) 反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如: She seldom goes swimming, does she?

  (4) 陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时,问句部分的主语用it。如: Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?

  (5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时,问句部分的主语用he或 they,这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如: Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he?

  (6) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I We don‘t think believe, suppose, consider + that从句”时,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如: I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he?

  (7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。如:It is unfair, isn't it?

  (8) 陈述部分为肯定的'祈使句时,反意疑问句部分可用will you/ won't you; 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时,反意疑问句部分只能用will you。 如: Don't make any noise, will you?

  ┃祈使句┃ 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。否定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。

  常见的祈使句的基本句型如下:

  1.动词原形+其他。 如: Be careful.

  2.Do +动词原形 加强语气 。如: Do be careful next time.

  3.加please的祈使句 表示更加客气和礼貌 。如: Open the door, please.

  ┃感叹句┃ 感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导,句末用感叹号。

  1.what引导的感叹句。

  (1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 +主语+谓语 !如:What a difficult question it is!

  (2) What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词 +主语+谓语 !如:What useful information!

  2.how引导的感叹句。

  (1) How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如: How kind they are!

  (2) How+陈述句 主语+谓语 !如: How time flies!

  (3)what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如: What a good girl! = How good the girl is!

  ┃倒装句┃

  1.副词位于句首时。here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如: Here he comes. 他来了。

  2.only在句首强调状语。如: Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。

  3.以so/neither/nor开头的句子。 此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者,用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。如: John can't swim, neither can I.

英语语法知识点13

  1. 强调句的基本结构

  It+be+被强调成分+that (who)…

  He bought the book in this shop yesterday.

  →It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he)

  →It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book)

  →It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop)

  【注】在该强调结构中,it is (was)…that (who)…为结构词,它通常可以省略,而不影响句子的意思。

  2. 强调句用that还是who

  当被强调部分指人时,可以用who代that;当被强调部分指物时通常用that。注意:强调事物时,通常不宜用which来代that,另外当强调时间或地点状语时,通常也不能用when / where代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。

  3. 关于被强调成分

  该强调句型中,被强调的成分除了是名词、代词、介词短语等之外, 也可以是从句:

  It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回来后才知道所发生的情况。

  It was because he loved my money that he married me. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。

  【注意】

  (1) 该句型可强调because引导原因状语从句,但通常不能强调由 since, as引导的原因状语从句,另外也不强调由although引导的让步状语从句。

  (2) 该句型可以强调主语,但不强调表语。

  4. 强调句的特殊疑问句形式

  强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解,但若以特殊疑问句形式出现,则很容易误解。比较:

  Jim told us the news.(非强调句)

  It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)

  Was it Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)

  Who was it that told us the news.(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)

  特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的被强调成分提问得来,如对It was yesterday that he arrived. 这一句中的yesterday提问,即得到When was it that he arrived?

  5. not...until用于强调句

  其基本形式为It is (was) not until…that…。比较:

  He didn’t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才来。

  It was not until his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才来。

  They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他们才出发。

  It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他们才出发。

  英语语法倒装句知识点:让步状语从句倒装用法系统归纳

  有这样一道考题:

  _________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

  A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

  C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student

  这道题很有一定难度。具体说来,它主要涉及两个考点:一是让步状语从句倒装后的词序问题。让步状语从句之所以要采用倒装结构,主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等,其词序形式为:被强调的成分+as / though + 主语+动词。二是在倒装的让步状语从句中,位于句首的单数可数名词是否带冠词的问题。按照英语习惯,英语中的单数可数名词在泛指时,一般要有不定冠词的修饰,但是位于倒装让步状语从句句首的单数可数名词是个例外,即使泛指其前也不加不定冠词。由此可知,上面这道考题的答案应为B。

  为了帮助大家全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法,本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型:

  一、名词+as / though+主语+动词

  King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王,但他并不幸福。

  Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子,但却知道帮助别人。

  Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他虽然是老师,但也不可能什么都懂。

  【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外,要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词,即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较:

  Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩,却喜欢与女孩子玩。

  Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强,但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。

  二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词

  Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功,但不骄傲。

  Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 虽然看起来不太可能,但却是真的。

  Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢,我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。

  Patient as he was,he didn’t like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心,也不愿等这么长。

  Beautiful though the necklace was,we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮,我们认为价钱太高。

  【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。

  三、副词+as / though+主语+动词

  Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。

  Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力,却没法让她改变主意。

  Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快,你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。

  He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力,却未能取得很大进步。

  Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 尽管雨下得很大,但还是决定不推迟足球比赛。

  【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待,认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如:

  Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他,但我却不喜欢他这个人。

  Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。

  四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词

  Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你反对,我也要去。

  Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法,却未解决这个问题。

  Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查,他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。

  Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他,但必须承认他的伟大。

  Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了,我们却得到了许多经验。

  Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了,但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。

  【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义,则选用情态动词;若陈述事实,则用did, do 等助动词)。

  五、分词+as / though+主语+动词

  Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨,我还是要出去散步。

  Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着,但我们还是设法前进了。

  Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果,但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。

  【三条补充说明】

  1. 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导,但不能用although来引导;但是,未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导,而不能用as来引导。也就是说,although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装,as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如:

  虽然很晚了,但我们还是继续工作。

  正:Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.

  正:Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.

  误:Late although it was, we still went on working.

  误:As it was late, we still went on working.

  2. 上面提到的.倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因,区别的办法主要看句子的内容:让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反,而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较:

  Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了,但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)

  Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累,所以他睡得很早。(表原因)

  Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻,却能胜任这项工作。(表让步)

  Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻,所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因)

  3. 在美国英语中,人们通常用as…as引导让步状语从句。如:

  Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 尽管天气冷,我们还是出去了。

  Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功了,但不骄傲。

  英语语法倒装句知识点:“only+状语”置于句首句子要倒装

  请看下面一道涉及only的倒装试题:

  Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.

  A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are

  此题应选 B。容易误选D。至于A,C,这比较容易排除,因为情态动词 can 不能与 be able to用在同一谓语中。本题之所以要选B而不选D,主要是因为句首用了only in thisway 的缘故,按照英语语法规则:“only+状语”位于句首,句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)。如:

  1. “only 副词”位于句首。如:

  Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。

  2. “only+介词短语”位于句首。如:

  Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

  Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。

  3. “only+状语从句”位于句首。如:

  Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。

  注意:若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是 only+宾语等,则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装)。如:

  Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。

  Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。

  英语语法感叹句知识点:感叹句的基本句型

  【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!

  What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊!

  What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊!

  What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!

  【说明】 在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头,则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 what a / an,如:

  What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊!

  What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊!

  What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊!

  【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  How well you look! 你气色真好!

  How kind you are! 你心肠真好!

  How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!

  Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!

  How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊!

  How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!

  【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,但动词不提前。如:

  How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊!

  How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!

  英语语法感叹句知识点:陈述句改为感叹句

  感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:

  How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分!

  How+形容词或副词+其他成分!

  What +名词+其他成分!

  What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分!

  What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分!

  What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分!

  请看以下例子:

  It’s an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。

  → What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊!

  It’s wonderful weather. 天气很好。

  → What wonderful weather! 天气真好!

  He did the work carefully. 他做这工作很仔细。

  → How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊!

  Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。

  → How quickly time passed! 时间过得真快!

  英语语法感叹句知识点:感叹句后接附加疑问句

  感叹句之后有时可接附加疑问句,如:

  How odd, isn’t it?

  多怪,是不是?

  What a magnificent building, isn’t it?

  多么雄伟的建筑,对不对!

  How nice, isn’t it?

  多好呀,不是吗!

  What a bad cough he has, doesn’t he?

  他咳得好历害,是不是?

  How exciting the game is, isn’t it?

  好刺激的比赛啊,不是吗?

英语语法知识点14

  1. when 引导的状语从句

  (1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

  例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

  when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

  例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

  When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

  2. that 引导的宾语从句

  名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

  例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

  I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

  3. which 引导的主语从句。

  例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

  4.过去完成时和过去将来时

  (1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的`过去。 ①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

  (2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

  5. there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

英语语法知识点15

  现在分词表示主动关系,同时表示动作正在进行:

  There is someone waiting for him.

  有人在等他。

  There was a man standing in front of me.

  我前面站着一个男人。

  There were some children swimming in the river.

  有些小孩在河里游泳。

  There were a group of young people working in the fields.

  有一群青年在地里劳动。

  有时现在分词可表示一种状态:

  There’s a piano standing against the wall.

  靠墙有一架钢琴。

  There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.

  我们面前有很多困难。

  There is a door leading to the garden.

  有一座门通往花园。

  有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样):

  There are ten people coming to dinner.

  有10个人来吃晚饭。

  英语语法强调句知识点:判断此题是定语从句还是强调句

  有这样一道题:

  It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.

  A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where

  答案选A,填对此句的关键是要弄清第二空必须填 that,因为这是一个强调句,被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。又如:

  (1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.

  A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which

  【分析】此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。

  (2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.

  A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that

  【分析】此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是 in this room,where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。

  英语语法强调句知识点:强调句与从句的比较

  1. 强调句与主语从句的比较

  强调句将句子中的it is / was …that同时省去,句子仍然成立;而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it,成立。如:

  (1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。

  本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立,因此前面的句子是强调句型。

  (2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。

  本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误,因此,前面句子不是强调句型,而是主语从句。

  2. 强调句与定语从句的比较

  ◎强调句中的It没有实际意义,It be与that可同时被省略;而定语从句中的It是主语,It be与that不可同时省略;

  ◎强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的`时态相一致;而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定

  ◎强调句将句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名词是事物时,也不能将that换成which;而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略,并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。

  ◎当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词可用that / which;而作其他成分时,引导词须用when / which。如:

  (1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that?问句的回答,that所引导的是定语从句,that可被省略)

  It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所卖的就是这本书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调)

  (2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明,它是定语从句)

  It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分,本句是强调句型)

  (3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明,是定语从句)

  It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天,人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)

  3.强调句与状语从句的比较

  ◎状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语;而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。

  ◎状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。

  ◎状语从句的引导词可以是when / where,而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。如:

  (1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)

  It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)

  (比较:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的书。定语从句)

  (2) It was already morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时,已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)

  It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)

  英语语法倒装句知识点:“only+状语”置于句首句子要倒装

  请看下面一道涉及only的倒装试题:

  Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.

  A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are

  此题应选 B。容易误选D。至于A,C,这比较容易排除,因为情态动词 can 不能与 be able to用在同一谓语中。本题之所以要选B而不选D,主要是因为句首用了only in thisway 的缘故,按照英语语法规则:“only+状语”位于句首,句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)。如:

  1. “only 副词”位于句首。如:

  Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。

  2. “only+介词短语”位于句首。如:

  Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

  Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。

  3. “only+状语从句”位于句首。如:

  Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。

  注意:若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是 only+宾语等,则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装)。如:

  Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。

  Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。

  英语语法感叹句知识点:感叹句的基本句型

  【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!

  What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊!

  What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊!

  What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!

  【说明】 在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头,则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 what a / an,如:

  What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊!

  What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊!

  What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊!

  【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  How well you look! 你气色真好!

  How kind you are! 你心肠真好!

  How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!

  Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!

  How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊!

  How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!

  【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,但动词不提前。如:

  How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊!

  How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!

  英语语法感叹句知识点:陈述句改为感叹句

  感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:

  How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分!

  How+形容词或副词+其他成分!

  What +名词+其他成分!

  What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分!

  What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分!

  What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分!

  请看以下例子:

  It’s an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。

  → What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊!

  It’s wonderful weather. 天气很好。

  → What wonderful weather! 天气真好!

  He did the work carefully. 他做这工作很仔细。

  → How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊!

  Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。

  → How quickly time passed! 时间过得真快!

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