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初二英语语法大全:动词不定式的形式
短语动词是英语习语的一个重要类别,而动词短语是一种自由词组。从词汇学的角度看,它们分属于两个不同的范畴:词类和短语。对于英语的学习中,关于动词不定式的形式知识点的内容,我们做下面的讲解学习哦。
动词不定式的形式
1.作主语。 如:
To learn English is very important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语,而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。
如上句可表达为:
It's very important to learn English.
2.作表语。 如:
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3.作宾语。 如:
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4.作宾语补足语。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。
如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5.作定语。
a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。
如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。
如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
如: I have no time to play cards.
6.作状语,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。
如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7.不定式复合结构"for sb. to do sth" 作主语时,常用"It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."
其他形容词用 for。
如:
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8.动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。
如: I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面结构相当于一个从句,故上述句子也可表达为:
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意:
a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。
如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如: The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些动词后可接不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式,但意思不同。
如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
希望上面对动词不定式的形式知识的内容讲解学习,同学们都能很好的掌握,相信同学们会取得很好的成绩的哦。
拓展:常见动词短语
1.up
lift up举起climb up爬上come up上升
get up起床stand up站起来pick up检起
grow up长大put up举起;张贴rise up升起
look up抬起头take up拿起build up树立
set up建立eat up吃光burn up烧光
use up用光fill up装满end up结束
break up结束,分解cut up切碎tear up撕碎
give up放弃speed up加速show up显现
cheer up振作起来bring up抚育make up化装,弥补
shut up关闭block up堵塞keep up坚持
2.down
cut down砍倒get down下来knock down撞倒l
ay down放下let down使失望pull down拆
kneel down跪下break down坏了settle down平静下来
cool down冷静下来turn down拒绝put down镇压
slow down慢下来write down写下
3.on
come on跟随count on依赖fit on固定
turn on打开switch on打开put on穿上
try on试穿rely on依靠depend on依靠
work on从事call on拜访carry on继续开展
hold on继续insist on坚持add on加上
4.off
blow off吹掉drive off赶走;击退get off下车
see off送行start off动身take off起飞
cut off切断rub off擦掉shave off剃去
turn off关掉switch off关掉break off中断
pay off付清
5.in
break in闯入,插嘴involve in卷入book in登记
check in签到fill in填入hand in交上
6.out
take out拿出come out长出look out当心
move out搬出point out指出stick out伸出
let out放出burn out烧尽put out扑灭
run out用完use out耗尽die out灭绝
carry out完成,执行go out熄灭set out出发
hand out分发break out爆发drop out离开,退出
find out找出figure out算出,解决
7.over
knock over撞倒turn over翻转look over调查
think over考虑go over复习take over掌管
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