怎样学习英语语法
怎样学习语法
我国的英语学习者大多是成年人或十多岁的青少年，或者理解力较强，或者模仿力较强，在没有英语环境的情况下，学习语法，了解所学语言的规则，可以缩短学习过程，掌握英语的规律，尽快提高听、说、读、写、译的能力。
那么，怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈：
（1）练好基本句型。
我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。
句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法项目（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此自学者或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个项目，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。
以定语从句这一项为例。把“I read a novel yesterday．和“It was extremely Interesting．”这两个单句改为“The nov-el I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”这就是定语从句的单项练习。首先要反复进行替换练习。如把“I saw aman this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改为“Theman I saw this morning is my teacher．”把“I saw a film lastnight．”和“The film was very amusing．”改为“The film Isaw last night was very amusing．”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，务求把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。
第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：
A：Did you enjoy the opera？
B：Which opera？
A：The one we saw last night，of course．
B：Yes，very much．
第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个项目放在一起去操练。
A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般问句；名词从句）
B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）
A：Oh，now I remember．He was the auther who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he？（定语从句；反意问句）
B：Exactly．
这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般问句和反意问句，也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练，既需要“滚雪球”（复习已学的项目），也需要“打埋伏”（预先练一下将来要学习的`项目）。
在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要作出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。
（2）结合课文去学。
吕叔湘先生说过：“与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。”又说：“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。”（引自《中国人学英语》）课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇项目，也有各类语法项目。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法项目，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法项目，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。
哪些项目是课文里的主要语法项目？通常教科书的编者都明确指出了每一课的主要语法项目。要弄清这些项目的基本概念，掌握它们的公式与用途，尤其要认真地做好有关练习。
（3）对比英语和本族语的语法。
英语和汉语属于不同的语系，二者的语法区别很大。英语学习中出现的许多错误，往往是由于汉语语法习惯在自学者的头脑中已经根深蒂固，对英语语法的学习产生了种种干扰。要排除这种干扰，最好的方法是经常对比英语与汉语语法的异同。现举数例：
人家问你：“Haven’t you read this book？”（你没有读过这本书吗？）如果回答是否定的，依照汉语的习惯，回答通常是：“是的，我没有读过。”但说英语时，你就得说：“ No，Ihaven’t．”
汉语说“一万”，英语却说“十个千（ten thousand）”；汉语说“两亿”，英语则说：“二百个百万（two hundred million）”。两种语言关于数目的表达是大不相同的。
英语说：“She is too tired to run on．”译成汉语却说：“她太累了，不能再跑了。”这中间要加上“不能”这个否定词。
我们只有掌握了这些区别，才有可能把语法学到手。可见在语法学习中，自觉地运用语法是很重要的。
（4）进行大量的语言实践。
英语语法学得好不好，主要不是看你读了多少语法书，记了多少条语法规则，而是要看你在实践中能否正确掌握所学的这些语法规则——能听懂，说得好，写得好，理解得好，译得准确。要达到这个地步，除了在必要的语法理论指导下进行大量的语言实践以外，是没有什么速成的办法的。
我们常听到学习的人抱怨说：“这个项目一讲就懂，一用就错。”这句话说明一般的语法理论知识并不难懂，但就是难用。要掌握好一个语法项目，就得靠多听、多说、多写、多读、多译，也就是做反复的、大量的、多样化的练习。
“学习英语有没有捷径？”我们认为是没有的。练习得越多，实践得越多，所学的内容就掌握得越牢。
[原创]A thank-you letter
Hi, Valerie,
How are you? have you got the approval for your new EP(Employment Pass).
If yes, congratulations!
I wanted to email to GP first, but temporally can't
find his address. It doesn't mean I don't want to write
to you, just feel like GP is more closer to me that
time.
GP told me that because of me you don't want to
talk to Kent either. I was very appreciateful, cause
I took this as my true friend's action! However, Rex
didn't do as you did at all!
I didn't talk to you much when we were in the same
company, though you just sat behind me. Last time I
thought even talk too much with another girl is
considered a great offence to my "wife". I was stuck
too deep to stay awake of this mass. Thank you and GP
so much for having given me great support when I
needed it badly.
I miss GP and you, really. Just hope one day we can
meet together and drink together. I am sure I won't
have a boss like GP again, not to mention a colleague
like you and Vincent. You guys left me the sweetest
memories in Singapore. How am I going to thank
you?
Please tell GP that I have mailed to you and let me know
his address as well. I want to email to him too. I'm
now at home being taken well care of by my parents.
They are about to buy me a car so that I can travel to
some other provinces in China. Ok, my daddy is back,
got to take lunch with him. See you.
All the bests to you and GP
Danny
[原创]About the F word
When I first started to learn English in middle school, I didn't know there is F word in vocabulary. Until many years later, browsing through a book about American Slang in the college library, I spotted the F word in an expression about cursing. I looked it up in my dictionary, but found nothing. Back then, we didn’t have computers or Internet, which gives you access to any sort of information in the blink of an eye, nor did we have DVD or VCD. The only chance we could watch American movie was that during some weekday evening the American teachers played some movies brought from US on a VCR. The TV in our classroom was very small, and the sound was poor. And the room was always packed and had an awful smell of body odor, stale air, and lots of noises.
Honestly, I could understand disturbingly little of the movie, which had no subtitle and couldn’t be played back. All we studied was some stupid textbooks titled advanced English with passages written probably decades or even centuries ago by some famous writers or philosophers whatsoever.
Many years passed, we have more options of English learning, and my knowledge increases. I found that the f word is so widely used in English that no one could say his or her English is really good without solid knowledge of it.
To many beginners, teachers told them that the f word is a bad and crude word they should never learn or use. But I think this is terribly wrong. The f word, though often used as a verbal insult to other people as in “f you”, it is also frequently used to indicate anger, resentment, affection, or even care. Some good examples could be easily caught in the many popular American movies. “Where the f are you talking about?” “Where the f have you been” The speaker may be simply emphasizing an emotion of surprise, shock, or concern. The most interesting word incorporating the f word is “abso-f ing-lutely” in one episode of the TV show “Sex and the City”. If we don’t know how to use the f word, it is really hard to express a degree of certainty higher than the word “absolute”.
My point is that as language learners we should always keep in mind that sometimes what you see is not what you get. To learn a language better, it requires us so much more than hard work and practice. We need to expose ourselves to a more authentic language environment even it is very difficult for people like us living and working in China. The earlier we expose ourselves to cross-cultural problems, the more obstacles we come across in learning English, the deeper we would understand the language. So challenge yourself and you would become tougher and smarter.
为了更好理解这篇文章，请观看以下电影：http://www.ebaumsworld.com/fwordflash.html
[原创]BEC高级--让我难忘的考试
又一年的BEC考试又要开始了.很多人急着复习备考了.平心而论,她在对测试非英语为母语的考生运用英语作为工具进行商务活动能力的方面还是比较有说服力和权威性的,所以对于将来有志进入(或已经进入)外企进行国际贸易的人员来说,这项考试还是值得一试的.特别是BEC HIGHER, 她对英语综合能力的评估力度相对更大一些.
由于BEC考试有她特有的特点,报考她的人也越来越多.但是也正是由于她将英语和商务结合到一起,致使考试难度加大.无论是对于没有经过英语专业训练的非英语专业考生,还是对于学习英语专业但没有商务知识的考生来说都是比较困难的.尤其如果是没有正式进入工作岗位,只是在校学生,他们对BEC高级商务实务不是很了解,在解决具体考试内容的时候,就会有一定难度.
[原创]Government Officers
I had no idea what the government officers were like before I joined my bureau. I, however, had no positive impressions on them, because of some officers I approached when I was a salesman.
Of course, I usually contacted those who were in charge of purchasing. Those officers were/maybe still are proud, demanding and powerful. Some of them hinted me for returns and some just asked directly. I invited them for dinner sometimes, and they ordered the most expensive dishes. Some even asked for more services after dinner. Not until all the so-called services were done, did they want to release some useful information to us or sign the purchasing orders. That’s why I used to look down upon them. They were nothing but a big pile of shit to me.
And now I’m working as a government officer too, not only because I am tired of being a salesman, but I want a stable and reliable job. I don’t think this position will be my final career destination, though! It’s been three months since I joined in the bureau. I’m impressed by the government officers in my bureau, because they are far away from what I thought before. Some of them are really good and responsible people!
Our bureau is a bit different from the others, because we are in charge of all the trades and investments in the city. Local companies have to apply for invitation letters if they want their foreign customers, colleagues, friends, relatives or whoever to come to Shenyang to live or work. And we’re in charge of all the foreign companies in the city. Though we have great power in hand, we use it to get more legal foreign investments and for anything which could be helpful for employment opportunities.
Some small problems still occurred to me after I became a member of the officers. I had no such experience on dealing with them before. For example: A section director asked me to translate a long essay for him. I said yes, but my boss was not happy because he said the director had no right to ask his man to do anything without his permission. I understood, cause he is my boss. I shall not take orders from other people, though their ranks are much higher than mine! So my boss asked me to leave his translation alone and let him to explain to the director. In fact, he forgot to do it, and I was there waiting for the consequence. It came to me pretty soon. The director told the president of my bureau that my English was poor. And don’t forget I just impressed the boss in a negative way. I smiled when I heard this, bitterly. “So what?” I asked myself. It’s no big deal. Danny’s English level has been proved by many foreigners, not only from English-speaking countries. I have, at least, great confidence on my English skills.
This incident made me more mature. Working for the Chinese government is not easy. As long as you’re sophisticated enough, you will definitely stand a batter chance to be promoted. You have to be bad, mean and whatever suitable for the job. I’m outta here, sooner or later. Like my brother told me before: if you work for the government, you’re gonna die soon.
Now I understand what he meant. Oops, being a government officer is not easy; being a good and innocent one is nearly impossible. So are you ready to be a government officer?
[原创]how to "use" english!!!
some people just dont know why after 10 years of learning they
still cant speak like a 10 year old native speaker. the only
reason or difference is that while you are "learning" english,
a native kid is "using" english.
a book just wont get you anywhere, but without a good book,
you cant go far either. so here is my idea, use the language
first, read when there is something you dont understand, but
before you go through this reading process, do ask a native
for help first.
i spent 3 years on this and it definitely worked. i hope
newbies could do like i did, but one thing for sure, you will
never be as good at this as you wanna be, and this feeling will
either get you motivated or bored, if you can manage well, you
will see the big picture.
here is a website where you can meet a lot of native people,
www.facethejury.com , there is a forum which can be accessed
for free if you register, you can chat with native people on
that forum in real time, its much better than having a teacher
right? well, at least i think so.
you know, i avoid the chance to talk with non native speakers,
because i might learn from them, and they might become some
kind of habbit to me, which tells you not to use english with
your own kind, cause if you do it will not do you any good.
mistakes can happen, but make sure they dont come out all the
time, cause if they do your brain will register them and it
will be hard for you to correct later on.
dont you ever think going abroad to learn english is much better
than doing it in your own country and dont forget who you are, because if you forget who you really are, no one else would
remember that for you, and if you think going abroad can learn
the real thing, to some point you are right, but for most of
you, its a big mistake, who told you native speakers can accept
you as their friend when you still need to learn english? if
you cant talk fluently with them they will get bored.
dont argue, if a native spearker says "hey whats up", you just
need to accept the fact that they dont use "hello how are you",
just register that piece in your mind and use it the next time
you see someone you know, "habbitize" yourself. "ima tell you
like dis," grammar rules dont work very well in real conversations
if you see what i mean.
"is" and "are", you dont know how to use them? maybe a native
speaker doesnt know that either but they do know how to use
them in a "right" kind of way. "who you think you is?" does
this one sound right to you? cause it does sound right for a
native. whatever a native says, its right, if you follow,
you will become more like them.
alright, im sick of this long ass sh*t, enough for you to
get my point...(or maybe i need to write more?)
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