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初中英语基础语法4-冠词
冠词五、冠词（art.）用在名词前,帮助说明其意义
冠词分为不定冠词a／an和定冠词the,放在名词前、a／3n用在单数可数名词前（a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前）。
1.不定冠词
（1）不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg.This is a pencil case.
She’S a doctor.
②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg.I met an old man On my way home.
③用在序数词前,相当于another.
eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—（个）”,相当于every.
eg.They have music lessons twice a week.
⑤固定搭配。
a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a／an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo
（2）不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg,a bike,an egg
②当名词被such,what,many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is！
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is！
④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时，不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story
2.定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。
eg：l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.
（2）特指某（些）人或物。
eg： The girl in a red dress comes from America.
（3）指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
eg： My shoes are under the bed.
（4）用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。
eg Tom is the taller of the two boys.
（5）用在序数词前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.
（6）yo用在世界上独一无二的事物前（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。
cg The moon moves round the earth.
（7）用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。
the rich（富人）,the poor（穷人）,the deaf（聋人）,the blind（盲人）,the dead（死者）,the wounded（伤员）
（8）用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。
eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.
（9）用在乐器前。
eg.play the piano／guitar／violin／drums.
（10）用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。
eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.
I think he is in the thirties.
（11）用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。
the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the（more）……
the（more）…“越…越…”
3.不用冠词的情况
（1）名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。
eg.That girl is my friend.
（2）名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.
（3）名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
eg.Which man is Mr Green？
Each student has a beautiful picture.
（4）复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.
（5）物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。
eg.Snow is white.
（6）抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
eg.Does she like music？
（7）在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。
eg.play basketball／soccer／chess
（8）在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.have breakfast／lunch／supper／dinner
（9）在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January
（10）在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
eg.My favorite is English.
（11）在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last
4.在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
in hospital（在住院）；in the hospital（在医院）
in prison（在坐牢）；in the prison（在监狱里）
at table（吃饭,用餐）；at the table（在桌旁）
in front of（在某个范围之外的前面）；in the front of（在某个范围之外的前面）
go to college（上大学）；go to the college（去那所大学）
take place（发生）；take the place（代替）
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