英语语法详解 动词不定式四

英语语法详解 动词不定式（四）

　　不定式的复合结构是指有些动词带宾语后再带上不定式，作宾语的补足语。前边已提到过，在这种结构中宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。

　　1. 有很多这样的动词可以跟宾语及其(或)补足语不定式，如：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get , intend, invite, like, permit, persuade, pretend, remind, say, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn等表示"致使"等意义

　　26) The company manager may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama(全景) of possibilites.

　　［A］ to see［B］ see［C］ seeing［D］ seen

　　27) Did you intend us the new method?

　　［A］ to use ［B］ using ［C］ our having used ［D］ the using of

　　28) The teacher encouraged good compositions.

　　［A］ us write［B］ us writing［C］ us to write［D］ our wrting

　　2. 在某些成语动词如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count upon, depend upon, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for等后面，也可以跟宾语加不定式的复合结构

　　We are waiting for the bus to come./ They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. / Don't count on me to do that.

　　3. 另外，表示感觉的动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe和have, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式(help后不定式可带to也可不带to)

　　29) I often heard him that his family was well descended.

　　［A］ said［B］ say［C］ to say［D］ to be said

　　30) We must have a person them build the house.

　　［A］ see［B］ to see［C］ will see［D］ shall see

　　31) You would become irritated ［A］ if you watched ［B］ the correspondence to pile up ［C］ on your desk day by day ［D］ .

　　4. 表示心理状态的动词像consider, declare, find, prove, think, know , believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, pretend, suppose, understand等词的宾语补足语不定式一般是to be(或动词的完成时态)

　　32) "You've been taking a lot of nice photographs.""Thanks. I'm considering a professional photographer."

　　［A］ becoming［B］ about become［C］ to become［D］ over becoming

　　而且，在consider, declare, find, prove, think等动词后的to be 是可以省去的。如： She considered me a scholar. / They found him gulty.

　　七、不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式：这三类在考研题中出现的频率很高，要特别注意不定式的这三种形式

　　1. 如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生或发生在主要谓语之后，那么用不定式的一般形式

　　He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him.

　　In 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.

　　After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

　　Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.

　　2. 如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式

　　She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.

　　33) The Vikings are believed America.

　　［A］ to have discovered［B］ in discovering［C］ to discover［D］ to have been discovered

　　34) The students were to at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.

　　［A］ assembled ［B］ have assembled ［C］ assembling ［D］ be assembled

　　35) He was to the new ambassador, but he fell ill.

　　［A］ having telephoned［B］ have telephoned［C］ has telephoned［D］ telephoning

　　3. 不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生

　　When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.

　　Why do you stand here? You are supposed to be working in the workshop.

　　4. 不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行

　　The students from the Department of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product.

　　They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.