语法复习十六:代 词

时间:2023-04-30 02:54:38 英语语法 我要投稿
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语法复习十六:代 词

  It 的用法

  1.作人称代词

  John likes playing Pingpong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);/  It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指时间、天气、环境等)

  2.引导词

    A.作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

    It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.

    B.作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

    We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city.

    C.强调结构:It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)…

    注意: 在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where,而应用that 。在复习中,一定要注意句式的不同。

    It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句)

    It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定从)

    It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起时间状语从句)

    It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句)

  3. it,one,that 的区别:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。

    NMET2000,23.

    ---Why don't we take a little break?  ---Didn't we just have __________?

    A.it      B.that  C.one     D.this   

    NMET2001,25.

    The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

  A.they   B.it      C.one     D.which   

  one 用以指代同类事物中的任一,that 特指性强,指代可数与不可数词,而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

  不定代词

  不定代词种类较多,用法各异,在使用中一定要注意区别。

  1、both,either ,neither 都表两者范围,在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ,both可用作同位语。  both 意为"两者都",either 表"两者中任一个",neither表"两者都不"。

  2、any,none ,all 表三者或三者以上范围,any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念,用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中);none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不;表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有;all 整个的;所有的(三者或三者以上);所有的(不可数)。

    e.g.This book is a good seller,so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing./ None of us are/is perfect./  All of the village was flooded. 

  3、no one,nobody,none,nothing:no one,nobody表没有人,nothing 指没有什么事物,none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有,一点儿也没有"。

    ----How many people are there in the hall ?  ----None.

    ----who wants to go with him ?  ----No one(Nobody).

    ----What can you see in the bottle ?  ----Nothing.

    ----Is there any water in it ?  ----None.

  4、another,the other,the other+复数名词(或the others),other (或other +复数名词):another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一;与数词连用,表"再有";the other 表两者中的另外那个,特指;the other+复数名词(或the others),另外那些,表示其余所有的人或物,用于特指;others (或other+复数名词)另一些,表余下人或物中的另一些,泛指。

    ---I don't like this,show me another one.(NMET 2000,16)

    If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15.

    A.another  B.other  C.more  D.Each (A)

  人称、物主、反身、指示代词

  高考重点要求

    1.掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2.重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况,能通过语境准确选取答案。3.掌握it的基本用法。

    一.人称代词

    1)分清主格和宾格形式。

    eg:---I love you more than her,child ./  ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____?    A. you;me   B.I;you    C.you;you   D.I;me

    2)注意约定俗成的用法。

    ---Who is it ?   ---It's me .  ---I'd like to have a rest .  ---Me,too.

    3)使用we 和you 泛指一般人

    4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等

    China is a great country.She has a long history.

    5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是:you,he(she) and I; we,you and they

    二.物主代词:名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,构成双重所有格:a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。

    三.反身代词

    1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语;2)单复数的确定;3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。

    e.g. I'm not quite myself today.我今天不大舒服。/ Make yourself at home.不要拘礼;请随便吧。 / Don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.别紧张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗?

    四.指示代词

  (一)this,that,these those

    1.在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

    2.this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物,而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine.

    3.this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物,而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing./ He didn't come.That is why he didn't know.

    4.that,those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995.( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.

    (二)such

    such引起倒装句,谓语数取决于后面主语的数:e.g Such is my answer./  Such are our people.

    做定语,注意和so 的区别,尤其是在so …that, such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.(复数名词前,so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film.(也可为so great a film) /  We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing.(不可数词前,不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.(在数量概念的many,much,little,few 之前,不可用such )

  练习(一)、代  词

  一、强化训练:

  1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.

     A. any    B. everyone   C. either    D. each

  2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.

     A. each   B. all    C. every    D. both

  3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.

     A. It    B. What    C. That    D. Such

  4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.

     A. much   B. some    C. any    D. very

  5. -Which of these two ties will you take?   -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?

     A. one    B. other    C. ones    D. others

  6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.

     A. much   B. all    C. neither   D. none

  7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.

     A. not    B. nothing   C. a little   D. none

  8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .

     A. where, it   B. that, it    C. which, one   D. where, one

  9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?

     A. do so   B. do it    C. buy it    D. do

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