英文语法杂谈(1):虚拟语气

时间:2023-05-04 22:19:57 英语方法 我要投稿
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英文语法杂谈(1):虚拟语气

虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)

如果你看到下列的句子,你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢?

1. I wish I were a bird.

2. We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说:“哈哈,第一句的I were 错了,应该是I was;而第二句中的you be是什么东东呀?不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be?!”

其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为“假设语气”,虽不很贴切;但在相当大的程度上,告诉我们这种句子的特点,Subjunctive Mood中文译作“虚拟语气”,似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式,表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。

基本上,虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种;但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)

虚拟现在的句子,在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form),就算是第三人称(he, she, it)也是如此。如:

1.1 现在时态(Simple Present)

 I work ---- I work

 you work ---- you work

 he works ---- he work (注意到了吗,是work,不是works)

 she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔)

 it works ---- it work (同样不是it works 喔)

 we work ---- we work

 they work ---- they work

1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous)

 I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be,怪怪的!)

 you are working ---- you be working

 he is working ---- he be working

 she is working ---- she be working

 it is working ---- it be working

 we are working ---- we be working

 they are woring ---- they be working

1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect)

 I have worked ---- I have worked

 you have worked ---- you have worked

 he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

 she has worked ---- she have worked

 it has worked ---- it have worked

 we have worked ---- we have worked

 they have worked ---- they have worked

1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous)

 I have been working ---- I have been working

 you have been working ---- you have been working

 he has been working ---- he have been working (是he have, 不是he has )

 she has been workin

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