情态动词的用法总结

时间:2024-12-13 17:45:08 晓凤 学人智库 我要投稿
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情态动词的用法总结

  总结是事后对某一阶段的学习或工作情况作加以回顾检查并分析评价的书面材料,它能够给人努力工作的动力,因此好好准备一份总结吧。总结怎么写才不会千篇一律呢?下面是小编为大家收集的情态动词的用法总结,希望能够帮助到大家。

情态动词的用法总结

  情态动词的用法总结

  情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

  一、 can, could

  1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

  Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

  Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

  Can you skate?(技能)

  此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

  I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

  当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

  He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

  2) 表示请求和允许。

  -----Can I go now?

  ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

  此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

  ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

  ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

  3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

  They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

  This hall can hold 500 people at least.

  4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

  Can this be true?

  This can’t be done by him.

  How can this be true?

  二、 may, might

  1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

  ----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

  ---- No, you mustn’t.

  ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

  ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

  用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

  2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

  May you succeed!

  3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

  might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

  1.He may /might be very busy now.

  2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

  三、 must, have to

  1) 表示必须、必要。

  You must come in time.

  在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

  ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

  ---- Yes, you must.

  ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

  2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

  1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

  2. I had to work when I was your age.

  3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

  1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

  2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

  四、 dare, need

  1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

  1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

  2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

  3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

  2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

  1.You needn’t come so early.

  2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

  ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

  3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

  1. I dare to swim across this river.

  2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

  3. He needs to finish his homework today.

  五、 shall, should

  1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

  What shall we do this evening?

  2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

  1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

  2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

  3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

  六、 will, would

  1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

  Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

  2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

  1. I will never do that again.

  2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

  3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

  1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

  2. The wound would not heal.

  4) 表示估计和猜想。

  It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

  七、 should, ought to

  1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

  1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

  2. You ought to take care of the baby.

  2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

  1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

  2. Should I open the window?

  3) 表示推测

  should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

  1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

  2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

  3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

  4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

  八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

  1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

  1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

  2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

  3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

  2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

  表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

  1. He may not have finished the work .

  2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

  3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

  用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

  1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

  2. He must have been to Shanghai.

  4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

  用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

  He should have finished the work by now。

  表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

  1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

  2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

  5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

  表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

  You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

  6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

  主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

  He will have arrived by now.

  特点介绍

  有一定的词义

  有一定的词义,但并不完整,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。(后面加动词原形)

  在以Could引导的表示委婉语气的疑问句中,常用来表示请求别人帮助或对长辈的请求的。

  如:Could you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?(注意:这里不是情态动词的用法。)

  回答为:肯定:Yes,I can./Sure./Certainly. 否定:Sorry,I am afraid not. (在作否定回答时,要注意:在拒绝长辈的请求时,不能用can not,这样显得语气太过生硬,不礼貌。但是在长辈拒绝晚辈的请求是可以用can not的。)

  具有助动词作用

  具有助动词作用,可以用来构成否定句,疑问句及用于简单回答。

  Can you sing English songs?

  你会唱英语歌吗?

  Yes ,I can.

  是的,我会。

  无人称和数的变化

  情态动词无人称和数的变化。无论人称是什么,情态动词和后面的动词都不会发生任何变化。

  He can jump.

  他可以跳。

  We must be careful in class.

  课堂上我们必须认真听讲。

  后面接动词原形或不带to的不定式

  情态动词本身无法做谓语,需要和后面的动词一起做谓语。所以后面的动词是原形,也无任何变化。

  You may have a bread.

  你可以吃点面包。

  He could write but now he cant because of the things happend ten years ago.

  因为十年前发生的事情,他以前可以写字但现在不能了。

  She may lose her way.

  她可能迷路了。

  否定直接加not

  否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。

  We cant carry the heavy box.

  我们搬不动那箱子。

  Im sorry I cant help you.

  对不起,我帮不上你。

  个别有时态变化

  个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。

  He could be here soon.

  他很快就来。

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情态动词的用法总结

  总结是事后对某一阶段的学习或工作情况作加以回顾检查并分析评价的书面材料,它能够给人努力工作的动力,因此好好准备一份总结吧。总结怎么写才不会千篇一律呢?下面是小编为大家收集的情态动词的用法总结,希望能够帮助到大家。

情态动词的用法总结

  情态动词的用法总结

  情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

  一、 can, could

  1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

  Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

  Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

  Can you skate?(技能)

  此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

  I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

  当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

  He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

  2) 表示请求和允许。

  -----Can I go now?

  ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

  此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

  ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

  ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

  3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

  They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

  This hall can hold 500 people at least.

  4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

  Can this be true?

  This can’t be done by him.

  How can this be true?

  二、 may, might

  1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

  ----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

  ---- No, you mustn’t.

  ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

  ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

  用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

  2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

  May you succeed!

  3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

  might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

  1.He may /might be very busy now.

  2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

  三、 must, have to

  1) 表示必须、必要。

  You must come in time.

  在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

  ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

  ---- Yes, you must.

  ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

  2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

  1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

  2. I had to work when I was your age.

  3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

  1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

  2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

  四、 dare, need

  1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

  1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

  2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

  3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

  2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

  1.You needn’t come so early.

  2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

  ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

  3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

  1. I dare to swim across this river.

  2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

  3. He needs to finish his homework today.

  五、 shall, should

  1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

  What shall we do this evening?

  2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

  1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

  2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

  3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

  六、 will, would

  1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

  Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

  2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

  1. I will never do that again.

  2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

  3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

  1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

  2. The wound would not heal.

  4) 表示估计和猜想。

  It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

  七、 should, ought to

  1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

  1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

  2. You ought to take care of the baby.

  2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

  1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

  2. Should I open the window?

  3) 表示推测

  should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

  1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

  2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

  3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

  4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

  八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

  1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

  1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

  2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

  3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

  2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

  表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

  1. He may not have finished the work .

  2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

  3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

  用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

  1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

  2. He must have been to Shanghai.

  4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

  用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

  He should have finished the work by now。

  表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

  1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

  2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

  5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

  表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

  You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

  6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

  主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

  He will have arrived by now.

  特点介绍

  有一定的词义

  有一定的词义,但并不完整,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。(后面加动词原形)

  在以Could引导的表示委婉语气的疑问句中,常用来表示请求别人帮助或对长辈的请求的。

  如:Could you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?(注意:这里不是情态动词的用法。)

  回答为:肯定:Yes,I can./Sure./Certainly. 否定:Sorry,I am afraid not. (在作否定回答时,要注意:在拒绝长辈的请求时,不能用can not,这样显得语气太过生硬,不礼貌。但是在长辈拒绝晚辈的请求是可以用can not的。)

  具有助动词作用

  具有助动词作用,可以用来构成否定句,疑问句及用于简单回答。

  Can you sing English songs?

  你会唱英语歌吗?

  Yes ,I can.

  是的,我会。

  无人称和数的变化

  情态动词无人称和数的变化。无论人称是什么,情态动词和后面的动词都不会发生任何变化。

  He can jump.

  他可以跳。

  We must be careful in class.

  课堂上我们必须认真听讲。

  后面接动词原形或不带to的不定式

  情态动词本身无法做谓语,需要和后面的动词一起做谓语。所以后面的动词是原形,也无任何变化。

  You may have a bread.

  你可以吃点面包。

  He could write but now he cant because of the things happend ten years ago.

  因为十年前发生的事情,他以前可以写字但现在不能了。

  She may lose her way.

  她可能迷路了。

  否定直接加not

  否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。

  We cant carry the heavy box.

  我们搬不动那箱子。

  Im sorry I cant help you.

  对不起,我帮不上你。

  个别有时态变化

  个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。

  He could be here soon.

  他很快就来。