前言
Ø 补全短文出题特点：
以2002年和2003年B理工
补全短文的出题特点进行比较：
2002年补全短文题：
How to Do well In Exams
2003年补全短文题：
Looking into the future
以2002年和2003年理工A补全短文的出题特点进行比较：
2002年补全短文题：
Stars in their eyes
2003年补全短文题：
Ruining the Ruins
Stars in their eyes
主题理解--The scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy, Macmillan, ..
Ruining the Ruins
主题理解—Acid rain (酸雨) is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases… They dissolve in rainwater and this make acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
可以看出：理工类A/B级补全短文考题中，所选择的文章上可能与社会或文化有关，也可能会涉及到自然地理，科技方面。文章主题较容易理解。文章通常是选择职称英语用书以外的难度相当的文章。
补全解题思路分析：
该部分考题主要考察考生把握文章结构，掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为一篇300-450词的文章，文章后有6组文字，其中五组取自文章本身，要求考生挑出这五组文字并将其放回相应的位置。补全短文题的出题形式是要求考生把完整的句子放入空格中的形式。对于要求把完整的句子填入空格中的考题的解题思路是：先读文章标题，抓住文章核心词和文章中心内容， 并猜测文章可能涉及到的内容，从而能在选项中进行借助主题从内容上进行初步的筛选；同时需要注意备选项的特点（从被选项句意之间的关系，结构之间的关系进行比较，并注意句子结构中的一些特征词：逻辑词汇（作状语表示逻辑关系的副词，表示语意逻辑发展的连词，和具有指代作用的代词），和特征结构（句子时态））。最后在解题时可以利用空格前后句的句意，推测出空格处与前后句的语意关系（语气转折句，总结句，承上启下句往往是考察点）。空格前后句中词语的使用特点也是我们解题的思路。
考试中考点往往设置在一些具有特殊语意句子处（如，转折句，总结归纳句， 语意递进句，举例分析句等）或段落中的特殊位置处（如：段首句，段尾句）。
本讲教学目的
讲解补全短文题的解题思路和解题方法，并借助文章展开对职称英语中重要的语法点和词汇的复习。
例题解析：
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
难度A/B级，偏向A级
Dung to death
Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.
The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. ___1____.
Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. ___2___.
Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.____3____
With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. ___4____
Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. ____5___His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.
There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.
A.They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.
B.And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.
C.Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.
D.But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.
E.His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animals feed.
F.They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
答案及解析
1．文章标题分析：Dung （施肥）to death
借助文章开头的句子进一步了解文章标题/中心：
1．Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics 2。（抗生素）given to farm animals.
补充：
Contaminate vt 弄脏；污染
e.g. The river was contaminated with waste. 这河水被垃圾污染了。
Synonyms: infect, pollute
2．备选项分析，注意备选项中的篇章词汇和核心词汇。
A They do not easily degrade (降级) or dissolve（分解） in water.（从句意得知：They指代的是某种物质）
B And manure（肥料）contains especially high levels of bugs （细菌）that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. （And的出现暗示前句中应该出现he的观点句）
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.（观点句）D But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs （暗示前文中应该指明什么样的“farmyard drugs”）and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs （B中包含该短语结构）that infect people.
E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animals feed. （如果有E，前文中应该出现有关‘他’的研究和介绍）
F They could also （also的出现暗示前文中应该出现讲述They“怎么做”的其他的句子）be leaching （滤去）into tap water（自来水） pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
3．直接解题：注意空格所在段落的段首句大意/用词；空格前后中大意/用词。
A They do not easily degrade (降级) or dissolve（分解） in water.（从句意得知：They指代的是某种物质）
B And manure（肥料）contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. （And的出现暗示前句中应该出现he的观点句）
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.（观点句）D But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs （暗示前文中应该指明什么样的“farmyard drugs”）and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs （B中包含该短语结构）that infect people.
E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animals feed. （如果有E，前文中应该出现有关‘他’的研究和介绍）
F They could also （also的出现暗示前文中应该出现讲述They“怎么做”的其他的句子）be leaching （滤去）into tap water（自来水） pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
1．The warning （借助前文内容了解The warning的含义：The drugs, which are in manure 2。sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, 3。helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs（超级4。病菌）”.）comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the 5。drugs in farm slurry（泥浆）. ___1____.
E．思路：借助空格前句的特征词Switzerland，初步判断 E可能是答案： E中有代词与空格前句中的a researcher呼应。
考点：考察代词的指代内容和前后句句意特点—常常围绕一个中心进行发展。
e.g.
1.the paper cut into pieces;
2.the sunshine coming from the sun;
3.He stands there, listening to the music.
A They do not easily degrade (降级) or dissolve（分解） in water.（从句意得知：They指代的是某种物质）
B And manure（肥料）contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. （And的出现暗示前句中应该出现he的观点句）
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.（观点句）D But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs （暗示前文中应该指明什么样的“farmyard drugs”）and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs （B中包含该短语结构）that infect people.
F They could also （also的出现暗示前文中应该出现讲述They“怎么做”的其他的句子）be leaching （滤去）into tap water（自来水） pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
1．Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each 2。year. More than half （指代antibiotics）are given to farm-animals to prevent 3。disease and promote growth. ___2___.
D：思路：空格前面句子中重复出现的词antibiotics，暗示空格处应该出现也涉及到antibiotics的内容，这样B，C，D都可能是答案。再从句子之间的逻辑衔接上看D合适：用观点性的转折自然结尾，而且D中的these farmyard drugs在空格前句中有呼应的内容half （指代antibiotics）are given to farm-animals。
考点：考察指示代词的呼应和特殊语意句子（转折句）。
A They do not easily degrade (降级) or dissolve（分解） in water.（从句意得知：They指代的是某种物质）
B And manure（肥料）contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. （And的出现暗示前句中应该出现he的观点句）
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.（观点句）F They could also （also的出现暗示前文中应该出现讲述They“怎么做”的其他的句子）be leaching （滤去）into tap water（自来水） pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
1．Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains 2。（菌株）by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure 3。than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for
4。Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.____3____
B．思路：But引出的中心句中包含manure（与B中的manure呼应），而且B中的he也在空格前句中有了指代的内容：Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology 。
考点：考察人称代词的呼应和句意在通常情况下会围绕同一中心发展的特点。
A They do not easily degrade (降级) or dissolve（分解） in water.（从句意得知：They指代的是某种物质）
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.（观点句）F They could also （also的出现暗示前文中应该出现讲述They“怎么样”的其他的句子）be leaching （滤去）into tap water（自来水） pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
1．With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat 2。and barley（大麦） each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for
3。spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then 4。eaten. ___4____
F．思路：A和F在句意上都涉及到“水的问题”，句子中出现的代词都可以与空格前句中出现的复数词（The drugs）呼应，而且句子结构有相似，重点观察从句意上看F（进入自来水）和空格前句都在讲述对人类的危害，最合适。
考点：代词的指代特点和并列句子句意发展特点—色彩一致性。
A They do not easily degrade (降级) or dissolve（分解） in water.（从句意得知：They指代的是某种物质）
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.（观点句）
1．Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called
2。sulphonamides（硫胺类药剂）. ____5___His analysis found that Swiss farm manure 3。contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be
4。contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough 5。to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating 6。the issue seriously.
分析：空格前后句中的核心结构都是在讲述在围绕Mueller进行客观事实的讲述，而C（概括句）的突然插入，使空格前后句在句意上出现断层，因此判断A正确（A也是事实句，而且A中的They在前句中有指代的内容sulphonamides）
考点：代词的指代特点。
补充：
be concerned about 关心,挂念
trigger v.（= set off; initiate; cause）引发，触发, 发射或使爆炸（武器或爆炸性 ）
e.g. a high-level meeting that triggered bitter wide debates.
例题解析：
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
文章难度B/C级, 偏向B级， 文章主题属于考试中常涉及的主题之一。
The first four minutes
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that.
You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, People like people who like themselves.
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, But Im not a friendly, self-confident person. Thats not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way.
__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.
But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, total honest is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions and impressions.
__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.
The first four minutes
答案及解析：
1．文章标题分析：The first four minutes
1．When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their 2。first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his 3。book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice ..
2．仔细分析被选项：
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. （该句在句意上是总结概括句，而且包含文章中的核心结构，所以成为选项的可能性较大）
E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有E，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
3．直接看空格所在的前后结构，注意前后结构中用词特点，句意特点，对被选项进行选择。
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. （该句在句意上是在建议别人怎么做，而且包含文章中的核心结构，所以成为选项的可能性较大）
E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有E，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
1．When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their 2。first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his 3。 book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone
4。interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of peoples whole lives would 5。change if they did just that.
D． 分析：空格前后句中出现了代词的呼应-- this advice--- that，再结合句意判断空格处出现表意为“建议”的句子可能性最大，结合被选项的内容和用词判断D是答案。
考点：语意平行结构中的观点句/概括总结句。
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有E，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
1．You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention 2。to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably 3。did not like him very much.
E．分析：后句中的句意在对具体细节进行描述，句子中代词this的出现，暗示前句中出现的this指代的内容。判断E是答案。
考点：举例分析句/细节描述句。
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
1．When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to 2。appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, People like people who 3。like themselves.
4．On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure 5。of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing 6。that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
7．Hearing such advice, one might say, But Im not a friendly, self-confident 8。person. Thats not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way.
9．__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our
10。personality. It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, 11。but it goes much better than the old one.
A． 分析：空格后句中出现了代词We，而被选项中只有A和C中有代词与We呼应。但A中还有changing our social habits与空格后句中的 become accustomed to any changes在语意上呼应，所以答案是A。
考点：段落之间的承上启下句。
补充：
get used to sth./get accustomed to sth.习惯/适应…
used to do sth./过去常常…
adapt oneself to sth./adapt to/适应…
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
1．But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence 2。when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, total 3。honest is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first 4。few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of 5。play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. 6。That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds 7。in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions 8。and impressions.
9．__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise 10。during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin 11。suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there 12。are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
分析：前文中出现了“关于如何‘对待陌生人’的描述”，而且在下文中提到了“家庭成员（husband and wife or a parent and child）”，因此判断B是答案。
4. B。后句中提到“家庭成员”。
考点：段落之间的承上启下句。
补充：
n + to do sth.
e.g. a book to be read; a bridge to be built up;
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
1．The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required 2。course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ That 3。is at least as important as how much we know.
C． 分析：后句中的代词we在C中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观点句是通常论述文的发展特点，因此判断C正确。
考点：文章中的总结概括句/观点句。
补充：
along with与…一道
e.g. Along with the letters， there are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems.
与这些读者来信一起还刊登对这些问题的回答,由那些被认为能够解决这些问题的人来撰写
as prep.作为(角色、身份或功能)
e.g. act as a mediator.充当调解人
think of/consider/ treat/ see..as..把..当作..
e.g. You are as sweet as sugar. 你甜如蜜。
e.g. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.情形不如你说的那样糟