12月英语四级选词填空真题答案

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12月英语四级选词填空真题答案

　　在学习和工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用考试真题，考试真题是考核某种技能水平的标准。一份好的考试真题都是什么样子的呢？下面是小编为大家收集的12月英语四级选词填空真题答案，希望对大家有所帮助。

12月英语四级选词填空真题答案

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 1

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville aboutthe educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.

　　But itgets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.

　　The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt Universitys Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in earlychildhood education research.

　　A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, relatedto educating a child.

　　Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldnt be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the childs schooling. I lean toward the latter view.

　　This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.

　　The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.

　　For this purpose, our schools need both the talent andthe organizationto educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.

　　51.What does the author say aboutpre-kindergarten education?

　　A.It should cater to the needs of individual children.

　　B.It is essential to a persons future academic success.

　　C.Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.

　　D.Parents regard it as the first phase of childrens development.

　　52.What does the new Peabody study find?

　　A.Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.

　　B.The third grade marks a new phase of learning.

　　C.The third grade is critical to childrens development.

　　D.Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.

　　53.When does the author think pre-K works the best?

　　A.When it is accessible to kids of all families.

　　B.When it is made part of kids education.

　　C.When it is no longer considered a luxury.

　　D.When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.

　　54.What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?

　　A.She knows the real goalof education.

　　B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.

　　C.She has once run a pre-K program.

　　D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.

　　55.What does the author think is critical to kids education?

　　A.Teaching method.

　　B.Kids interest.

　　C.Early intervention.

　　D.Parents involvement.

　　参考答案：

　　Passage Two

　　51. 正确选项 C。Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.

　　52. 正确选项A。Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.

　　53. 正确选项B。When it is made part ofkids’education.

　　54. 正确选项D。She is a firm supporter of pre-K

　　55. 正确选项C。Early intervention.

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 2

　　大学英语四级长篇阅读真题题目：

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

　　[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

　　[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

　　[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

　　[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

　　[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

　　[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

　　[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

　　[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

　　[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

　　[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

　　[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

　　36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

　　42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　参考答案：

　　D 36. More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　B 37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　G 38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　A 39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　I 40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　F 41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teachers patients how to cook it.

　　C 42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　J 43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　E 44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　G 45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　大学英语四级长篇阅读真题答案解析：

　　36. 答案：D

　　解析：D段中In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food与该题干More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.属于同义替换。

　　37. 答案：B

　　解析：B段中的 The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients与该题干There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.属于同义替换。

　　38. 答案：G

　　解析：G段中Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases与该题干There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.属于同义替换。

　　39. 答案：A

　　解析：A段中Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.与该题干 A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.属于同义替换。

　　40. 答案：I

　　解析：I 段中 So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. 与该题干Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.属于同义替换。

　　41. 答案：F

　　解析：F段中 The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. 与该题干One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.属于同义替换。

　　42. 答案：C

　　解析：C段中“So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”与该题干Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.属于同义替换。

　　43. 答案：J

　　解析：J段中的In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.与该题干Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.属于同义替换。

　　44. 答案：E

　　解析：E段中的 The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). 与该题干Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.属于同义替换。

　　45. 答案：G

　　解析：G段中的.the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. 与该题干Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.属于同义替换。

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 3

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

　　"Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major credit cards are accepted!"

　　By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We dont have a budget," says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York Citys South Street." We just use our credit cards."

　　The US has long been one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. Now the US, still the worlds superpower, can also claim to be the worlds bargain basement(廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30 % to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. Thats up from $74 billion the year before.

　　True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge(无节制)has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.

　　The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $ 1624 a traveler versus the Americans four nights and $298.

　　31. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ____.

　　A) are reluctant to carry cash with them

　　B) simply don t care how much they spend

　　C) are not good at planning their expenditure

　　D) often spend more money than they can afford

　　32.The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ____.

　　A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the US

　　B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the US

　　C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that year

　　D) Tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year

　　33.By saying " nobody undersells America" (Underlined), the author means that ____.A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities

　　C) nobody restrains the selling of American goods

　　D) no other country sells at a lower price than America

　　34.Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?A) Because they have gained much publicity through the American media

　　B) Because they represent the world s latest fashions

　　C) Because they embody the most sophisticated technology

　　D)Because they are available at all tourist destinations

　　35.From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize____.

　　A) the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficits

　　B) the lower the retail prices, the greater in profits

　　C) tourism can make great contributions to its economy

　　D) visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroad

　　【参考答案】

　　31. 【答案】B。【译文】从巴西生物学家所说的话，我们得知像她这样的游客完全不介意他们花多少钱。【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。【详细解答】原文第二段提到现在涌入的是富人( These are the wealthy),所以当她说"We don t have a budget, we just use our credit cards"是指花钱不用做预算，想买就用信用卡，其暗含的意思就是选项B所表达的信息。故本题的正确答案是B。

　　32.【答案】A。【译文】1994年特别突出的原因是在那一年到美国的游客数目非常大。【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。【详细解答】原文第三段说明美国早已成为旅游胜地，1994年不同于往年，其原因是世界杯吸引了大批游客，美元下跌使在美国购物便宜到了极点，这更吸引了大量的游客。而这一观点恰好与选项A相一致。这句话中的动词saw的意思是"目睹了"之意。故本题的正确答案是A。

　　33.【答案】D。【译文】在文章第三段中，作者说了这样一句话：nobody undersells America，他所暗含的意思是没有哪个国家的物价水平比美国更低。【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。【详细解答】在文章的第三段中Now the US, still the worlds superpower, can also claim to be the worlds bargain basement的中文意思是：美国现在仍是世界上的超级大国，也可以声称是世界上的廉价商品部。所以，nobody undersells America这句话所暗含的意思是：没有哪个国家的物价水平比美国更低。在后文中，作者又提到了美国的零售底价比欧洲低30%，比亚洲低70%。这一事实更证明了这一观点的正确性。故本题的`正确答案是D。

　　34.【答案】A。【译文】作者为什么得出结论：所有的美国货对外国人来说都是非常具有吸引力的?【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。【详细解答】文章的第四段第二句话There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible.说明媒体使人们对美国货产生迷恋。在四个选项中，只有选项A与这句话在观点上是一致的。故本题的正确答案是A。

　　35.【答案】C。【译文】读完这篇文章，我们可以得出结论：美国已经意识到旅游业为美国经济的发展做出非常重大的贡献。【试题分析】主题归纳型，通过总结和归纳，进而得出文章的主题。【详细解答】通读完全文后，我们可以得知：大批外国游客涌入美国，并给美国政府带来了大笔收入。另外，文章第五段强调美国终于开始重视外国游客大量涌入给美国经济带来的巨大贡献。综合以上两点，我们可以得知选项C正是作者的观点和结论。故本题的正确答案是C。

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 4

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.

　　The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.

　　Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.

　　On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.

　　The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.

　　"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.

　　The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.

　　The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.

　　In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.

　　The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers.

　　“By following individuals over time,” Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.”

　　The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.

　　46.What is the common view of mental function?

　　A.It varies from person to person.

　　C.It gradually expands with age.

　　B.It weakens in one’s later years.

　　D.It indicates one’s health condition.

　　47.What does the new study find about mental functions?

　　A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.

　　B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.

　　C.They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.

　　D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　48.What does Timothy Salthouse say about peoples minds in most cases?

　　A.They tend to decline in people’s later years.

　　B.Their flexibility determines one’s abilities.

　　C.They function quite well even in old age.

　　D.Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.

　　49.Although people’s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_____.

　　A.may be better at solving puzzles

　　B.can memorize things with more ease

　　C.may have greater facility in abstract reasoning

　　D.can put what they have learnt into more effective use

　　50.According to Salthouse, their study may help us_____.

　　A.find ways to slow down our mental decline

　　6.find ways to boost our memories

　　C.understand the complex process of mental functioning

　　D.understand the relation between physical and mental health

　　参考答案：

　　Passage One

　　46. 正确选项B。It weakens in one’s later years.

　　47. 正确选项D。Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　48. 正确选项C。They function quite well even in old age.

　　49. 正确选项D。can put what they have learnt into more effective use.

　　50. 正确选项A。find ways to slow down our mental decline.

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 5

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

　　[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

　　[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

　　[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

　　[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

　　[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

　　[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

　　[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

　　[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

　　[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

　　[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

　　[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

　　[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

　　[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

　　36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

　　37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

　　38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

　　39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

　　40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

　　41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

　　42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

　　43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

　　44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

　　45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

　　答案：

　　36.D

　　37. J

　　38. L

　　39. A

　　40. E

　　41. K

　　42. I

　　43.B

　　44. G

　　45. C

　　四级阅读理解答案：词汇理解

　　26. G)habitats

　　【语法判断】marine是形容词，表示“海洋的”，后面应该跟一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、habitats(栖息地)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

　　【语意判断】从上下文可知，暗礁是潜泳和保护海洋______的圣地，所以应该选habitats，海洋栖息地。

　　27. M)stripped

　　【语法判断】此处谓语不完整，要填写动词，由was可知要使用被动语态。符合条件的动词有depressed(使…沮丧)、stripped(剥夺、剥离)。

　　【语意判断】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能对环境有害的东西，所以应该选stripped，被剥离了。

　　28. A)create

　　【语法判断】此处是倒装句，the sunken plane will后面应该跟动词原形。符合条件的动词有create(创作、创造)、innovate(发明)。

　　【语意判断】被沉默的飞机不仅仅将会给人工暗礁的生长_____完美的骨架，所以应该选create，创造出。

　　29. L)stretches

　　【语法判断】主句缺少谓语，主语是the plane，应该选择动词的第三人称单数。符合条件的动词有experiences(经历)、stretches(延展到)

　　【语意判断】这个飞机____总长度54米，所以应该选stretches，延展到。

　　30. C)eventually

　　【语法判断】where引导的从句有完整的主谓宾结构，空格处应该填写副词。符合条件的副词有eventually(最后，终于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

　　【语意判断】在这个地方，潜水者将_______能够探索机舱和….，因为是在飞机沉下去以后，潜水者才能够进行探索，所以应该选eventually，最终

　　31. F)exterior

　　【语法判断】由plane’s可知此处为所有格，应该填一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

　　【语意判断】潜水者最终可以探索机舱和飞机的_____，潜水者会探索飞机的内部和外部，所以应该选exterior，外部。

　　32. J)investment

　　【语法判断】由that代词可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的`名词有experiences(经验)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

　　【语意判断】他们(投资者)希望通过旅游业看到在_____上的回报，又从前一句知道投资者在飞机上花了大量的金钱，所以应该选择investment，投资上的回报。

　　33. O)victim

　　【语法判断】由定冠词the和介词of可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、territory(领土)、victim(受害者)。

　　【语意判断】土耳其这个国家是几起致命的恐怖袭击的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游业出现了下滑的趋势，他们受到了恐怖袭击的影响，所以应该选victim，受害者。

　　34. I)intentionally

　　【语法判断】sunk修饰aircraft表示被沉没的飞机，此处可以填写一个形容词和sunk并列修饰aircraft，也可以是一个副词修饰形容词sunk。符合条件的形容词有depressed(沮丧的)、revealing(透露真情的、有启迪作用的);符合条件的副词有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

　　【语意判断】A300是的______被沉没的飞机，由上下文可知，这架飞机是被人为地沉没到海底地，所以此处应该选intentionally，故意被沉没的飞机。

　　35. E)exploring

　　【语法判断】and并联连词连接taking和填空部分，形式应与taking保持一致，动词的现在分词形式。符合条件的动词有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。

　　【语意判断】经历一场水下旅行和_______沉没的A300内部，由语意可知，应该选择exploring，探索内部。

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 6

　　真题测试开始：

　　Section B

　　Directions： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。 Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。 Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived。 You may choose a paragraph more than once。 Each paragraph is marked with a letter。 Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2。

　　Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too

　　[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.

　　[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.

　　[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.

　　[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.

　　[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?

　　[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

　　[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

　　[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”

　　[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.

　　[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)

　　[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”

　　[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

　　[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

　　[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

　　36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.

　　37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.

　　38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.

　　39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.

　　40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.

　　41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.

　　42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.

　　43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.

　　44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.

　　45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.

　　参考答案：

　　36. 正确选项 E

　　37. 正确选项 L

　　38. 正确选项 B

　　39. 正确选项 H

　　40. 正确选项 N

　　41. 正确选项 J

　　42. 正确选项 F

　　43. 正确选项 C

　　44. 正确选项 I

　　45. 正确选项 G

　　12月英语四级选词填空真题答案 7

　　【2014年英语四级选词填空真题答案】

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

　　As an Alaskan fisherman. Timothy June, 54, used to think that he was safe from industrial pollutants (污染物)at his home in Haines-a town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles, with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early 2007, June agreed to take part in a 36 of 35 Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in which people’s blood and urine(尿)were tested for 37 of chemicals-in this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household 38 like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The results- 39 in November in a report called “Is It in Us?” by an environmental group-were rather worrying. Every one of the participants, 40 from an Illinois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all three classes of pollutants. And while the 41 presence of these chemicals does not 42 indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at all 43 June and his fellow participants.

　　Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that don’t 44 there. Ongoing study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages. And in 2005, the Environmental Working Group found an 45 of 200 chemicals in the blood of 10 new-borns. “Our babies are being born pre-polluted,” Says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which cosponsored“Is It in Us?” “This is going to be the next big environmental issue after climate change.”

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，

　　A)analyses I)products

　　B)average J)ranging

　　C)belong K)released

　　D)demonstrated L)shocked

　　E)excess M)simple

　　F)extending N)survey

　　G)habitually O)traces

　　H)neccessarily

　　I)products

　　J)ranging

　　K)released